Podcast
Questions and Answers
What age range defines a 'school-aged child'?
What age range defines a 'school-aged child'?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage of childhood?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage of childhood?
What percentage of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh occurs during the neonatal period?
What percentage of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh occurs during the neonatal period?
What defines developmental delay?
What defines developmental delay?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neonatal mortality?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neonatal mortality?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with developmental disabilities?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with developmental disabilities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which definition best describes a 'neonate'?
Which definition best describes a 'neonate'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions contributes to under-5 mortality according to the provided content?
Which of the following conditions contributes to under-5 mortality according to the provided content?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of autism spectrum disorders?
What is a key characteristic of autism spectrum disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is TRUE regarding brain development?
Which statement is TRUE regarding brain development?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of childhood stages, which category includes ages 1 month to 1 year?
In terms of childhood stages, which category includes ages 1 month to 1 year?
Signup and view all the answers
What could potentially signify developmental delays in children?
What could potentially signify developmental delays in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a significant cause of mortality during the first day of life?
Which of the following is a significant cause of mortality during the first day of life?
Signup and view all the answers
When can a child's lag in development be considered a developmental delay?
When can a child's lag in development be considered a developmental delay?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes children who are less than five years old?
Which term describes children who are less than five years old?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors can influence development?
Which of the following factors can influence development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated to be a critical issue in maternal and child health programs?
What is indicated to be a critical issue in maternal and child health programs?
Signup and view all the answers
What does early intervention typically aim to do in cases of developmental delay?
What does early intervention typically aim to do in cases of developmental delay?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is NOT considered a part of the developmental milestones?
Which aspect is NOT considered a part of the developmental milestones?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) in 1960?
What was the Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) in 1960?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT listed as a disease for newborn screening?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a disease for newborn screening?
Signup and view all the answers
Which initiative did NOT contribute to the reduction of under-5 mortality over the last 50 years?
Which initiative did NOT contribute to the reduction of under-5 mortality over the last 50 years?
Signup and view all the answers
What key concept differentiates growth from development in children?
What key concept differentiates growth from development in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which illness is associated with hearing loss as part of the newborn screening list?
Which illness is associated with hearing loss as part of the newborn screening list?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vaccine is provided through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)?
Which vaccine is provided through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of newborn screening?
What is the main purpose of newborn screening?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding infant mortality rates in 2019?
Which of the following statements is true regarding infant mortality rates in 2019?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does vitamin A supplementation serve in reducing under-5 mortality?
What role does vitamin A supplementation serve in reducing under-5 mortality?
Signup and view all the answers
Which additional vaccine is mentioned to have better coverage than measles?
Which additional vaccine is mentioned to have better coverage than measles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors is a potential indicator of developmental delays in infants?
Which of the following behaviors is a potential indicator of developmental delays in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which screening tool is specifically used for identifying autism in toddlers?
Which screening tool is specifically used for identifying autism in toddlers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
What is a typical symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned as a way to help with developmental delay?
Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned as a way to help with developmental delay?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age should a child typically demonstrate babbling?
At what age should a child typically demonstrate babbling?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic behavior might suggest an extreme level of tantrums in a toddler?
What characteristic behavior might suggest an extreme level of tantrums in a toddler?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common behavior of toddlers that may signify developmental concerns?
What is a common behavior of toddlers that may signify developmental concerns?
Signup and view all the answers
Which assessment tool is designed for evaluating infant and toddler development?
Which assessment tool is designed for evaluating infant and toddler development?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of behavior is NOT commonly associated with ADHD symptoms?
What type of behavior is NOT commonly associated with ADHD symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a method for developmental screening or assessment?
Which of the following is NOT a method for developmental screening or assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Child Health and Development
- Defining a child: A child is a person under 18 years old, unless a country's laws set a different legal age. (UNICEF)
- Stages of childhood:
- Neonate: Birth to 1 month
- Post-neonate: 1 month to 1 year
- Infant: Birth to 1 year
- Toddler: 1 year to 3 years
- Preschooler: 3 years to 5 years
- School-aged child: 6 years to 12 years
- Teenager: 13 years to 19 years
- Under-5 children: Includes neonates to preschoolers (children under 5 years old)
- Neonatal period: The first 4 weeks of a child's life. This is a crucial phase for survival.
- Causes of neonatal mortality: Infections, prematurity, birth asphyxia
- Causes of under-5 mortality: Prematurity, pneumonia, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malnutrition and undernutrition.
- 61% of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh occurs during the neonatal period.
- Gap between maternal and child health care in Bangladesh: Lack of continuity in programs leads to missed neonatal care.
- Child Mortality Rates (Deaths/1000 live births):
- Under-5 Mortality Rate (1960): 260.2
- Under-5 Mortality Rate (2019): 30.8
- Infant Mortality Rate (2019): 25.6
- Neonatal Mortality Rate (2019): 19.1
- Success factors of Under-5 mortality reductions: Immunization, Vitamin A supplementation, Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), improved education (especially of mothers), safe water provision.
- Essential Neonatal Care Practices: Focused on survival during the first 28 days of life.
- Newborn Screening: Testing newborns for genetic disorders and conditions that can cause problems in infancy or childhood. Early detection improves outcomes.
- List of Diseases screened for: Phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, hearing loss, etc.
- Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) vaccines: Provided by the government of Bangladesh. Includes vaccines for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, diphtheria, influenza, whooping cough, pneumonia, measles, tetanus, and polio, rubella. Additional vaccines offered, such as MMR, inactivated polio, and rota virus.
- EPI Schedule (Bangladesh): Details of immunization schedules for children 0-1 year old.
- 2021 Recommended immunizations for children in UK: Schedule showing vaccination times for various immunizations for children aged 0–6.
- Early Childhood Development: Focuses on the milestones, and potential delays or disabilities.
- Growth and development: Key to a child's health.
- Growth: Physical changes, increase in size, height and weight.
- Development: Children gain control over their physical actions to do activities more skillfully.
- Domains of Brain Development:
- Physical: Gross motor, fine motor
- Social Emotional: Interaction, cooperation, self-confidence, sense of community
- Sensory: Sight, touch, smell, hearing, taste, vestibular, proprioception
- Cognitive: Problem-solving, abstract thinking, learning
- Communication: Expressive language, receptive language, pragmatic language
- Developmental Milestones: Important activities and skills for typical development. Not reaching milestones on time might be a sign of potential developmental delay. Milestone charts provided in the notes (Infant and Toddler).
- Developmental Delay: The condition where a child does not reach development milestones at appropriate times.
- Developmental Delay vs. Disability: Short-term difficulties can be improved, while disabilities often last a lifetime. 1 in 4 children is at risk for a developmental delay.
- Potential causes of delay: Short-lived issues such as infections, hearing loss or hospitalizations.
- Developmental Disabilities: Conditions that often cannot be cured or improved, but progresses are possible with treatment. Includes conditions like Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and brain injuries.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A group of neurodevelopmental disabilities impacting social communication and repetitive behavior or interests. Symptoms and support needs vary widely, creating a spectrum.
- ASD Red Flags: Symptoms for recognizing possible symptoms in infants and toddlers such as, no back and forth sharing of sounds, smiles or expressions, no babbling at certain ages, refusal to eat certain foods or wear clothing, etc.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A mental health disorder that causes high levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
- Common Symptoms of ADHD: Trouble focusing, forgetfulness, easily distracted, difficulty sitting still, interrupting others.
- Identifying Developmental Delay/Disability: Screening and assessment tools to identify possible delays/disabilities.
- Rehabilitation for Developmental Delay/Disability: Therapy options such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy.
- Locations for support: Hospitals, clinics and the resources in Bangladesh.
- Physiotherapy: Addresses gross motor skills, prepares a child for sitting, crawling, standing, and walking.
- Occupational Therapy: Addresses fine motor, cognitive, sensory, and social-emotional domains, prepares a child for daily living activities.
- Speech and Language Therapy: Targets receptive and expressive language skills, prepares a child for effective communication.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the stages of childhood and key health issues affecting children under 5 years old. It covers definitions, neonatal mortality causes, and the gap in maternal and child health care, particularly in Bangladesh. Test your knowledge on child health development and critical survival phases.
