Child Development and Hospitalization Quiz
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Child Development and Hospitalization Quiz

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@PreeminentRational

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Questions and Answers

Which child would experience the greatest separation anxiety due to hospitalization?

  • 16-month-old child (correct)
  • 3-month-old child
  • 4-year-old child
  • 7-year-old child

    • What does the constant crying for his mother from a 2-year-old child after 3 days of hospitalization indicate?

  • The child has been separated from his mother frequently.
  • The child is adjusting normally to hospitalization.
  • The mother and child have a poor bond.
  • The toddler feels abandoned by his mother. (correct)

    • How might a preschooler understand the reason for their hospitalization?

  • I got sick because I was mad at my brother. (correct)
  • I need surgery for my sick tonsils.
  • A germ made me get sick.
  • I broke my leg and need a cast.

    • In which stage of separation anxiety is a toddler who appears disinterested in parental visits?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roommates is most suitable for a 16-year-old with cystic fibrosis?

    <p>A 15-year-old with type 1 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might you expect a 4-year-old child to say when asked about their hospitalization?

    <p>A germ made me sick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feeling might a hospitalized toddler express related to their mother’s absence?

    <p>Feeling abandoned by their mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior might indicate that a child in the denial stage of separation anxiety is struggling?

    <p>They ignore their parents and play with toys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to reassure a preschool child visiting a hospitalized sibling?

    <p>The preschooler needs to visit to reassure himself about his sibling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a toddler refuse to drink from a cup in the hospital after previously doing so at home?

    <p>He is dealing with the anxiety of hospitalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best reason for encouraging a school-age child to draw after a painful procedure?

    <p>To help the child express feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal timing for preparing a 5-year-old for surgery?

    <p>About 4 days before surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a 3-year-old asks when their parent is coming, how should the nurse respond?

    <p>Your mommy will be here when you have lunch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern for a 13-year-old girl hospitalized for a week?

    <p>Appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse respond to a mother who frequently corrects her child's care?

    <p>I'd love to hear about the special things you do for your child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse say to a mother worried her toddler cries during visits?

    <p>It's important for you to be here during visits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural consideration should a nurse keep in mind with recently emigrated parents from Russia?

    <p>Smiling is inappropriate in serious situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action helps build rapport with a child and parents during the admission process?

    <p>Answer questions in a calm and matter-of-fact way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral response might a 9-month-old's sibling display when visiting after hospitalization?

    <p>Anxiety or nervousness upon seeing the sibling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is most likely influenced by a child's age and experience during hospitalization?

    <p>Their ability to cope with stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental response may a hospitalized child show due to real or perceived threats?

    <p>Regressing to earlier developmental stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for maintaining a matter-of-fact attitude during pediatric assessments?

    <p>To avoid frightening the child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is most effective in alleviating a young child's distress after a diagnostic procedure?

    <p>Engaging with pop-up toys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common fear associated with invasive procedures in preschool children?

    <p>Fear of bodily harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a parent best support a hospitalized toddler's need for comfort?

    <p>By bringing a transitional object from home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological impact does immobilization have on an 8-year-old child in the hospital?

    <p>Loss of control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using fentanyl for pediatric procedures?

    <p>It has a rapid onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document outlines a child’s interdisciplinary plan of care with specific timelines?

    <p>Clinical pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate response to a parent concerned about opioid addiction in their child?

    <p>It is uncommon for children to become addicted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate intervention for a nurse starting an IV on an infant?

    <p>Involving the parents in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen per dose for a child weighing 15 kg?

    <p>225 mg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What documentation should a nurse include when discharging a pediatric patient?

    <p>Time of discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do outpatient surgical centers typically offer for children's surgeries?

    <p>Lower costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected emotional response in preschoolers when faced with the prospect of an operation?

    <p>Fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the nurse's priority when assessing pain in a hospitalized child?

    <p>Identifying the child's pain scale preference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic fears of a young child being hospitalized?

    <p>Separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is appropriate for a nurse preparing to obtain a throat culture on a toddler?

    <p>Model desired behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be included in a child's developmental history?

    <p>Previous experience with hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing for minor surgery, what should parents expect to see in the pediatric unit?

    <p>Availability of a playroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best pulse location to assess in a 12-month-old infant?

    <p>Apical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step for the nurse if there is no ID bracelet on a 2-month-old infant?

    <p>Make a new bracelet and confirm identity with the charge nurse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement indicates an adolescent understands how to collect a clean-catch urine specimen?

    <p>I clean the perineum from front to back with an antiseptic wipe before I urinate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy should a nurse use to administer oral medication to a young child who is reluctant?

    <p>Offer the child fruit juice after the medication is swallowed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a parent best administer an oral suspension to an infant?

    <p>Use an oral syringe and place the medication in the side of the infant’s mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During hospitalization, which emotional impact can be reduced for children?

    <p>Enhanced family involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical feature is often altered in pediatric units to accommodate young patients?

    <p>Furniture of proper height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the atmosphere in a pediatric unit aim to create?

    <p>Comforting and cheerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT an advantage of outpatient services?

    <p>Ample time for recuperation at the facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the nurse position the auricle when administering ear drops to a child aged 4 years?

    <p>Up and back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the tympanic thermometer considered more accurate than other thermometer types?

    <p>It shares circulation with the hypothalamus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action for a nurse administering gastrostomy feeding by gravity?

    <p>Position the child on the right side after feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which restraint is most suitable for an infant during intravenous line insertion in a scalp vein?

    <p>Mummy restraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should a child with a continuous intravenous infusion be assessed?

    <p>Every hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a 4-month-old receiving penicillin G, how many milliliters (mL) should be administered from a 600,000 units vial for a dose of 150,000 units?

    <p>1.4 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration for which a nurse should apply suction when suctioning tracheostomy?

    <p>15 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct emergency action for airway obstruction in an infant?

    <p>Five back blows followed by five chest thrusts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate response when a 4-year-old child asks if an IM injection will hurt?

    <p>Yes, it will sting a little.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best site for giving an IM injection to a 15-month-old child?

    <p>Vastus lateralis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should the nurse explain affects an infant's physiological response to medications?

    <p>Immature kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do after applying hydrocortisone cream to an infant's buttocks and abdomen?

    <p>Apply a cloth diaper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation would indicate the need for safety education for parents in a pediatric room?

    <p>Diapers and wipes are stacked at the foot of the crib.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should a 9-year-old child assume for a lumbar puncture procedure?

    <p>On your side with the knees bent and the head close to the knees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected daily urinary output for a 4-year-old child?

    <p>600 to 700 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse calculate an infant's urine output based on diaper weight?

    <p>By subtracting the weight of a dry diaper from a wet diaper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food example should be limited for a child taking iron supplements due to reduced absorption?

    <p>Egg yolks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient assessment requires immediate intervention?

    <p>School-age child with widening pulse pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial position should a 15-year-old patient assume after a lumbar puncture?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspects should informed consent for a minor cover?

    <p>Risks associated with the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should be verified with a second licensed nurse before administration?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When caring for a 3-year-old with a fever, which action should a nurse implement?

    <p>Assess skin turgor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse assess to determine appropriate transportation for a pediatric patient?

    <p>Distance to travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required volume of ampicillin oral suspension to administer if the order is 400 mg?

    <p>16 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After administering nose drops to an infant, how long should the infant remain in a head down position?

    <p>30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of medication increases a child's susceptibility to opportunistic infections?

    <p>Immunosuppressant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk when a child is treated with corticosteroids?

    <p>Lowered immunity to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following vaccination, what is the appropriate reason for a child to be considered to have developed immunity?

    <p>The child generated their own antibodies through vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What terminology should be used to describe a circular, raised lesion on the skin?

    <p>Papular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would lead a nurse to postpone administering the DTaP vaccine to an infant?

    <p>Temperature of 40.5° C (105° F) after previous vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precaution is required for a child diagnosed with varicella?

    <p>Airborne precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a child with varicella no longer considered contagious?

    <p>After 6 days following the onset of the rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement, 'I insist that my partner wear a condom,' demonstrate about an adolescent girl's understanding of preventing STDs?

    <p>She understands that condoms are a barrier method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority nursing diagnosis for an infant infected with HIV?

    <p>Risk for infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the hepatitis B vaccine be administered to an infant born to a Hepatitis B-positive mother?

    <p>Within 12 hours after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner would a child primarily contract Hepatitis A?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated food or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precautions would a nurse implement for an infant with RSV bronchiolitis?

    <p>Contact precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate rationale when a nurse wears a gown and mask for a child in protective isolation?

    <p>To protect the child from potential infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine is contraindicated for a child with an allergy to eggs?

    <p>Influenza vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial instruction for an adolescent taking tetracycline for a sexually transmitted disease?

    <p>Finish all of the medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prodromal stage of varicella indicate about a child's condition?

    <p>The child has varicella but has not yet broken out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a nurse categorize a laceration on a child's thigh that led to cellulitis in terms of the chain of infection?

    <p>Portal of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine must be administered separately from others at the same time?

    <p>Hib vaccine prepared in a separate syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best represents an example of an opportunistic infection in the context of immunocompromised patients?

    <p>Pneumocystis jiroveci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements indicates that a parent understands the precautions necessary to prevent tick bites?

    <p>We will wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts in the woods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a female adolescent with STDs resist reporting the condition?

    <p>She is embarrassed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate response to the question about sources of acquired immunity?

    <p>Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically included in a disaster preparedness kit?

    <p>Small television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccinations are recommended for a healthy 2-month-old infant?

    <p>DTaP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'slapped-cheek' appearance of a rash indicate in a child?

    <p>Fifth disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is gamma globulin different from acquired immunity?

    <p>It is a support to the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about the transmission of infectious diseases?

    <p>Cold weather can prevent infections from spreading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents avoid giving their children who have viral symptoms?

    <p>Salicylate-containing medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most indicative of Reye’s syndrome in a child with a viral infection?

    <p>Sudden vomiting without effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers febrile seizures in children?

    <p>Rapid increase in body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seizure is characterized by a brief staring spell?

    <p>Absence seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation should a nurse call 911 for a patient after a seizure?

    <p>The seizure lasted more than 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate nursing action during a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?

    <p>Move objects away from the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, what is a common postictal state observed in children?

    <p>Sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruction should be included when teaching about long-term phenytoin administration?

    <p>Gums should be massaged to reduce hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can spastic cerebral palsy be identified in a child?

    <p>Uncoordinated jerky movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding related to meningitis should be reported immediately?

    <p>Irregular respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of posturing indicates brainstem function only?

    <p>Decerebrate posturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct technique for clearing eye secretions in a child with conjunctivitis?

    <p>Clear drainage from inner to outer aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a family include in their disaster supply kit?

    <p>A battery-powered radio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason infants are more prone to ear infections?

    <p>Their Eustachian tubes are shorter and straighter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse instruct a parent regarding the administration of oral antibiotics?

    <p>Administer the full prescribed dosage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding would indicate a potential hearing impairment in a toddler?

    <p>Not making verbal attempts by 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse best communicate with a child who has a hearing impairment?

    <p>Speak clearly and face the child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important postoperative instruction for a child after tympanostomy?

    <p>Avoid getting water in the ears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator would primarily suggest strabismus in a child?

    <p>Covering one eye while reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment may be recommended for amblyopia?

    <p>Patching the good eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is a key indicator of hyphema?

    <p>A dark-red spot in front of the iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advice should the nurse provide to prevent Reye's syndrome?

    <p>Use acetaminophen to treat viral illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action for a nurse assessing a child with scarlet fever?

    <p>Obtain a throat culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the incubation period for varicella?

    <p>14 to 21 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum time recommended for proper hand hygiene?

    <p>15 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT recommended for children with otitis media?

    <p>Ignoring symptoms if they seem mild.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding suggests that a child may have a concussion after hitting their head?

    <p>Cannot remember what happened to him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition might be suspected in a child experiencing severe morning headaches and vomiting?

    <p>Brain tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type B primarily protect against?

    <p>Bacterial meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign changes might indicate increasing intracranial pressure in a child with a head injury?

    <p>Increase in blood pressure with a decrease in pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is nonparalytic strabismus most effectively treated?

    <p>Corrective lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parental statement indicates the need for further guidance in supporting their child with an intellectual deficit?

    <p>We dress our son every morning for school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice can help prevent barotrauma in infants during air travel?

    <p>Letting the infant nurse during descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with a possible ear infection in a 6-month-old child?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a child's development can be affected by hearing impairments?

    <p>Speech clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is essential for a child diagnosed with infectious meningitis?

    <p>Isolation precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which detail is important to document in a report after a grand mal seizure?

    <p>Presence of incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can reduce eyestrain in a 5-year-old child?

    <p>Encouraging books with large type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation may suggest a brain tumor in a child?

    <p>Drowsiness and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What eye-related issue could a 10-year-old with an intellectual deficit experience?

    <p>Strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be avoided while teaching parents about managing children with behavioral challenges?

    <p>Holding the child back from social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a spiral fracture typically indicate about a child's injury?

    <p>It may suggest physical abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indicator of physical neglect in a child?

    <p>Consistent hunger and disheveled appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of a neurovascular check?

    <p>Pupils assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to trigger abusive behavior in a parent?

    <p>Substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the pediatric skeletal system differs from that of an adult's in terms of mineral composition?

    <p>Lower mineral content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum weight requirement for a child to be eligible for Bryant's traction?

    <p>30 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of healing would you likely observe a green bruise on a child?

    <p>5-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature is found across all types of traction devices?

    <p>Aligns broken bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding on a limb in traction indicates possible altered circulation?

    <p>Pulseless limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does physical neglect most clearly manifest in a child's daily condition?

    <p>Lack of appropriate hygiene and nourishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized in the care of an 8-year-old near-drowning victim?

    <p>Controlled rewarming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term effect should parents of a child with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease be informed about?

    <p>Development of degenerative arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical intervention for a child in Buck skin traction?

    <p>Assisting the child to be pulled up in bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Ewing's sarcoma demonstrates correct understanding?

    <p>It is sensitive to both radiation and chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation is associated with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Frequent falling and clumsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is indicated by a child presenting with fever and abdominal pain?

    <p>Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What incorrect statement might indicate a need for additional teaching about treating a sprained ankle?

    <p>Use of warm compresses for the first 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Russell traction maintain effective skin traction?

    <p>Applies continuous pull in two directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum expected duration for capillary refill in a child receiving Bryant's traction?

    <p>3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which explanation might a nurse provide regarding the pain associated with osteomyelitis?

    <p>It results from inflammation and tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse monitor in a child diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Systemic symptoms like fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is potentially exacerbated by a child’s prolonged inactivity due to a musculoskeletal injury?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome for maintaining a child's weight in skin traction?

    <p>Stable weight despite decreased activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign suggests adequate perfusion when checking capillary refill in a child?

    <p>Color returns in 3 seconds or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of functional scoliosis in children?

    <p>Poor posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation would indicate a nursing intervention is necessary for a child in Buck traction?

    <p>Bluish coloration of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is antibiotic therapy typically required for a child with osteomyelitis?

    <p>6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action is crucial for decreasing the risk of Volkmann’s ischemia in a child in traction?

    <p>Frequent neurovascular checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-pharmacological intervention can help relieve morning stiffness in a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Applying moist heat packs upon awakening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an abnormal musculoskeletal finding in a 4-year-old child during assessment?

    <p>Walking on toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is essential for a child in Russell traction experiencing pain while using a bedpan?

    <p>Administering prescribed pain relief medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about how a child’s bones heal compared to adults?

    <p>Children have faster callus formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria should a nurse consider when evaluating a bruised child for signs of potential abuse?

    <p>Multiple bruises at different healing stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should the nurse ensure for a child in traction to promote comfort and avoid complications?

    <p>Stable positioning with appropriate support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best explanation for the cause of a child’s fracture healing faster than an adult's?

    <p>Children experience quicker callus formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate method for assessing a child's spine for scoliosis?

    <p>Asking the child to bend forward and observing for asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an appropriate indication that a child in traction is experiencing circulatory impairment?

    <p>Pale or bluish coloration of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action is important when managing a child with a Milwaukee brace?

    <p>Wearing the brace over a T-shirt for 23 hours a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Child Development and Hospitalization

    • Separation Anxiety: Separation anxiety typically peaks in toddlers (16-month-old children), not 3-month-olds. Toddlers may exhibit obvious grief and feelings of abandonment during hospitalization.

    Preschooler's Understanding of Hospitalization

    • Guilt and Mischief: Preschoolers (4-year-olds) might feel guilty if they believe their actions led to their illness or an accident. They may have a hard time understanding the cause of their hospitalization.

    Toddler's Behavior in Hospital

    • Regression: A toddler (2-year-old) who was accustomed to using a cup might revert to their favorite bottle after hospitalization. This is a common way toddlers cope with the anxiety of hospitalization.

    • Denial/Detachment: A toddler who seems more interested in their toys when parents visit could be exhibiting denial, refusing the need for parental presence.

    Adolescent Concerns in Hospital

    • Body Image: Adolescents (13-year-old girls) may be primarily concerned about how their illness affects their appearance during early adolescence (12-15 years), as this is a period of significant physical development and self-consciousness.

    Roommate Assignments for Adolescents

    • Matching Age and Condition: A 15-year-old adolescent with a chronic illness (like type 1 diabetes) is a better roommate than a child of a different age or different chronic illness for a hospitalized 16-year-old with cystic fibrosis.

    Sibling Visitation

    • Sibling Needs: Parents of a hospitalized 9-month-old infant should understand their 4-year-old preschooler may need a visit to confirm their sibling is okay. Sibling coping depends on age, experience, and family stability

    Medication Administration

    • Toddler Regression: Toddlers might regress to previous behaviors (like refusing a cup) to cope with stress of hospitalization.
    • Medication Chaser: Use water or fruit juice to encourage a toddler to swallow medication.

    School-Age Child's Coping

    • Drawing and Expression: Allowing a school-age child to draw after a procedure is an effective way to help them process their feelings and re-establish rapport with the healthcare team.

    Preparing a Child for Surgery

    • Timing: Prepare a 5-year-old child for surgery and hospitalization a few days before the procedure, not the night before.

    Child's Understanding of Time

    • Toddlers and Preschoolers: Young children (2-3-year-olds) do not have the same grasp of time as adults. They understand time through activities familiar to them, like mealtimes and naptimes.

    Cultural Considerations

    • Russian Culture: In Russian culture, smiling can be inappropriate in serious situations. Understanding cultural nuances is critical for effective communication with families.

    Hospital Admission Process

    • Calm and Matter-of-Fact: Maintaining a calm, matter-of-fact demeanor during the admission process facilitates rapport with children and their parents.
    • Involving Parents: It is important to involve parents when performing a procedure on an infant, rather than excluding them.

    Alleviating Distress

    • Distractions: Using distraction techniques (bubbles, toys, etc.) can be helpful in alleviating distress with a child having procedures.

    Child's Fears During Hospitalization

    • Preschooler Fear of Procedures: Preschool-age children are concerned about bodily harm and invasive procedures.

    Transitional Objects

    • Security: The use of transitional objects (blankets, toys) promotes security and comfort for hospitalized toddlers. Understanding a child's need for reassurance with an object is critical.

    Adolescent's Need for Control:

    • Loss of Control: School-age children and adolescents experience loss of control with hospitalization and traction, as they aren't capable of planning the process on their timeline.

    Pediatric Pain Management

    • Fentanyl: Fentanyl is generally preferred for pediatric pain management because of rapid onset and brief duration.

    Documentation

    • Discharge Information: Discharge documents should include time of discharge, accompanying adults, the child's condition, transport details, and instructions provided to parents.

    Outpatient Surgical Centers

    • Advantages: Outpatient surgical centers offer lower costs, less HAI risk, reduced parent-child separation, and a decreased emotional impact of illness.

    Pediatric Healthcare Environment

    • Playrooms: The children's unit should have playrooms to help decrease feelings of unfamiliarity. The space should also promote a cheerful and casual atmosphere compared to the formal environment.

    Fears During Hospitalization

    • Basic Fears: The fundamental fears of hospitalized children are separation from family, pain, and body intrusion.

    Developmental Histories

    • Prior Experiences: The developmental history should include previous experience with hospitalization and cultural needs. Personal preferences are helpful, as are nicknames. Medical history should be separate.

    Patient Assessment - Special Issues

    • Toddler Throat Culture: Prepare a toddler for a throat culture by modeling desired behavior, allowing them to yell, and using distractions. Do not give too much detail.

    Infant/Child Assessments

    • Apical Pulse: Apical pulse measurement is preferred for infants and children under 5 years.

    • Infant Medication: Use an oral syringe to administer suspensions to infants, not a cup or dropper.

    • Ear Drops: Pull the auricle upward and backward when administering ear drops to a child over 3 years old.

    • Tympanic vs Other Thermometer: Tympanic thermometers are more accurate because they are able to measure temperature closer to the hypothalamus, though there are still some limitations with this.

    • Gastrostomy Feeding: Position the infant on their right side after administering a gastrostomy feeding.

    • Infant Restraints: Use a mummy restraint for an infant with a scalp vein IV.

    • IV Infusion Assessment Assess continuous IV infusions hourly.

    • Medication Calculations: Always confirm medication dosages with another nurse or doctor when dealing with multiple-dose or unusual medications, especially in young children.

    Emergency Situations

    • Airway Obstruction: Perform 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts if an infant is experiencing airway obstruction.
    • Pain Education: Reassure children about painful IM injections by being honest, but brief. Explain the procedure to older children but not infants.

    Vaccination

    • Egg Allergy and Vaccination: Children with egg allergies should not receive the influenza vaccine.
    • Preparing for Immunizations: Separate syringes for certain vaccines is recommended to avoid mixing.

    Infectious Diseases

    • Varicella Contagion: Children with varicella are contagious for 6 days after rash onset.

    • HIV Precautions: HIV-positive infants require infection precautions due to their suppressed immune system.

    • Hepatitis Prevention: Ensure parents of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers receive hepatitis B vaccinations immediately within 12 hours of birth.

    • Hepatitis Transmission: Hepatitis A transmission is often correlated with eating contaminated shellfish.

    • RSV Precautions: Ensure contact precautions are utilized when caring for infants with RSV bronchiolitis.

    • Neutropenia Precautions: Use protective precautions for children with neutropenia. Explain the purpose of using protective gowns and masks.

    Assessment Information

    • Toddler's Needs: Provide distractions such as pop-up toys and blowing bubbles to help a toddler cope with possible pain from a procedure when parents aren't available at the moments

    Long Term Treatment

    • Osteomyelitis Antibiotics: Infections in bones (osteomyelitis) require a 4-6 week course of intravenous antibiotics.

    Traction Assessment

    • Bryant's Traction Capillary Refill: Capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds indicates adequate peripheral perfusion in a child in Bryant's traction.
    • Buck Traction Positioning: Ensure that heels aren't touching the foot of the bed to avoid pressure on feet while using Buck traction.

    Child Abuse

    • Bruise Color Change: Different colors of bruises indicate injuries at separate times, and suggest potential abuse if the timelines don't match the caretaker's account.
    • Fracture Types: Spiral fractures are frequently associated with child abuse due to possible forceful twisting.
    • Neglect: Indicators of neglect include unbathed, disheveled, and hungry children.

    Musculoskeletal Assessment

    • Toe Walking: Toe walking in a 4-year-old or later could indicate a muscle problem, necessitating further evaluation.
    • Scoliosis Assessment: Assess lumbar spines for asymmetry, as a forward bend in a child.

    Reye's Syndrome

    • Viral Infections and Aspirin: Avoid administering aspirin to children with viral symptoms to prevent Reye's syndrome.

    Seizure Assessment

    • Post-Seizure Assessment: Following a seizure, the nurse is expected to reassess the child's level of consciousness.

    • Call 911 Seizures: If seizures last more than five minutes or multiple episodes occur in rapid succession, call emergency medical services as the episode could indicate status epilepticus, a medical emergency.

    Chronic Illness

    • Cerebral Palsy: Spastic cerebral palsy is indicated by jerky movements as the child attempts to eat or perform other motor tasks.

    Meningitis Assessment

    • Irregular Respirations: Observe for irregular respirations potentially indicating increased intracranial pressure during meningitis assessment.

    Hearing Impairments

    • Early Communication: 18-month-old toddlers still developing speech need assessed to make sure communication is developing normally. Encourage the parents of a hearing impaired child to ask questions.

    Barotrauma

    • Air Travel: Encourage infants during descent to nurse to prevent pressure changes in the ears.

    Additional Information

    • Correct Cleaning of Eye Drainage Clear drainage from the inner to the outer aspect of the eye (inner canthus).
    • Head Injury Assessment: Indicators of a concussion can involve a loss of recall concerning events immediately surrounding the fall.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the various developmental stages of children during hospitalization, including the emotional responses of toddlers, preschoolers, and adolescents. It covers topics like separation anxiety, feelings of guilt, regression in behavior, and body image concerns. Test your knowledge on how age affects a child's understanding and coping mechanisms in a hospital setting.

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