32 Questions
What are minerals in the context of the text?
Elements, usually metallic elements, essential for the normal growth and maintenance of the body
What is the daily requirement for calcium in adults according to the text?
500mg/day
Where is 99% of the calcium in the body found?
Bones and teeth
Why do pregnant/lactating women require more calcium according to the text?
Their bones and teeth need extra support during pregnancy and lactation
What are the major sources of calcium mentioned in the text?
Milk & cereal in India
Why are minerals and vitamins emphasized as essential in the text?
To maintain homeostatic balance and mediate metabolic reactions in the body
What hormone favors calcium absorption during reproductive age?
Estrogen
In which part of the small intestine does calcium absorption take place?
Duodenum
Which factor is responsible for increase in calcium absorption?
Parathyroid hormone
What substance decreases calcium absorption?
Phytic acid
Why does phosphate decrease calcium absorption?
Because they are inversely related
What is the function of calcium in muscle fibers?
To increase neuromuscular irritability
What does calcium act as in the system involving protein and inositol triphosphate?
Activator
How does calcium affect the passage of serum through capillaries?
It decreases the passage
Which factor is necessary for normal coagulation and is a clotting factor?
Calcium
What does calcium prolong in the heart?
Systole
Why are minerals referred to as indispensable in the text?
Because they are essential for the normal growth and maintenance of the body
What is the daily requirement for calcium in pregnant/lactating women according to the text?
1500mg/day
In which part of the body is 99% of the calcium found?
Bones & teeth
Why do pregnant/lactating women require more calcium according to the text?
To support the development and growth of the fetus
What is the major source of calcium mentioned in the text?
Malunggay/Moringa
What is the daily requirement for calcium in children according to the text?
1200mg/day
What is the function of calbindin in relation to calcium absorption?
It binds to DNA and increases calcium absorption
How does high calcium levels affect neuromuscular irritability?
It increases neuromuscular irritability
Which substances are responsible for decreasing calcium absorption?
Phytic acid and oxalate
What is the role of calcium in coagulation factors?
It is a clotting factor and aids in normal coagulation
Which factor regulates blood calcium levels by binding to DNA and causing the transcription of genetic code for calbindin?
Vitamin D
What does calcium's activity as a second messenger in systems involving protein and inositol triphosphate act as?
A regulator
Why do anticoagulants like EDTA, Heparin, and Oxalates target calcium?
Because calcium is easily removed compared to other clotting factors
How does calcium affect the passage of serum through capillaries?
It decreases the passage of serum through capillaries
What leads to osteoporosis in females aged 45-51?
Stoppage of estrogen production
What is the function of Calsequestrin in relation to calcium?
It releases calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Learn about the role of minerals in the body and their importance for normal growth and maintenance. Understand the distinction between major and minor elements and their daily requirements for the body's metabolism.
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