Cell Physiology: Plasma Membrane and Organelles

Consists of two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins and sugars, along with cholesterol.

They control the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment.

Phospholipids, proteins, sugars, and cholesterol.

<p>The hydrophilic heads are aligned on the outer surfaces, and the hydrophobic tails form a central water-repelling layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Channels that allow the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is present in the membrane structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They give the cell its immunological identity - 'self' markers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It controls the entry or exit of many substances, thereby regulating the composition of its internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By dissolving in the lipid part of the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (K+).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na+).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhering to the vacuole membrane and releasing enzymes to digest the contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual and highly specialised structures enclosed by their own membrane within the cytosol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic respiration and production of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the cytoplasm (free units or in small clusters)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones, and detoxification of some drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digesting foreign material such as microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers