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Questions and Answers
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
- Cholesterol molecules
- Centrioles and centrosomes
- Phospholipids with electrically charged heads and hydrophobic tails (correct)
- Proteins and sugars
Which organelle is responsible for regulating the intracellular environment by controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for regulating the intracellular environment by controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell?
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Plasma membrane (correct)
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
How are phospholipid molecules arranged in the plasma membrane?
How are phospholipid molecules arranged in the plasma membrane?
- Like a sandwich with hydrophilic heads aligned on the outer surfaces and hydrophobic tails forming a central layer (correct)
- Randomly distributed without any specific arrangement
- Stacked vertically with hydrophilic heads in the middle
- In a single layer with hydrophobic tails facing outwards
What do membrane proteins that extend all the way through the plasma membrane provide?
What do membrane proteins that extend all the way through the plasma membrane provide?
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What does DNA do in a non-dividing cell?
What does DNA do in a non-dividing cell?
What is the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
What is the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
'The most active cell types have the greatest number of mitochondria' - Which cells are likely to have the greatest number of mitochondria?
'The most active cell types have the greatest number of mitochondria' - Which cells are likely to have the greatest number of mitochondria?
'Ribosomes are also found on the outer surface of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum' - What is the role of these ribosomes?
'Ribosomes are also found on the outer surface of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum' - What is the role of these ribosomes?
What is the primary function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is contained within the nucleolus?
What is contained within the nucleolus?
What substance is found within the nucleus?
What substance is found within the nucleus?
What is the function of facilitated diffusion in the plasma membrane?
What is the function of facilitated diffusion in the plasma membrane?
Which process involves the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane?
Which process involves the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane?
What is the primary role of plasma membrane in controlling entry and exit of substances?
What is the primary role of plasma membrane in controlling entry and exit of substances?
Which organelle is a central feature in all body cells, except mature erythrocytes?
Which organelle is a central feature in all body cells, except mature erythrocytes?
What is the main function of active transport involving specialized protein carrier molecules?
What is the main function of active transport involving specialized protein carrier molecules?
Which process occurs through pinocytosis and phagocytosis, involving the engulfing and digesting of particles too large to cross cell membranes?
Which process occurs through pinocytosis and phagocytosis, involving the engulfing and digesting of particles too large to cross cell membranes?
What determines which substances can pass through the plasma membrane?
What determines which substances can pass through the plasma membrane?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins within the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins within the cell?
What is the primary role of membrane proteins in the cell?
What is the primary role of membrane proteins in the cell?
Which process involves the movement of substances across the membrane without using chemical energy?
Which process involves the movement of substances across the membrane without using chemical energy?
Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Which type of cells lack a nucleus?
Which type of cells lack a nucleus?
Flashcards
Plasma Membrane Component
Plasma Membrane Component
Main component with charged heads and hydrophobic tails.
Plasma Membrane Function
Plasma Membrane Function
Regulates intracellular environment by controlling substance passage.
Phospholipid Arrangement
Phospholipid Arrangement
Heads face out, tails face in, forming a bilayer.
Transmembrane Proteins
Transmembrane Proteins
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Nucleus Function
Nucleus Function
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Ribosomes Function
Ribosomes Function
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Lysosomes Function
Lysosomes Function
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DNA Function (non-dividing)
DNA Function (non-dividing)
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Rough ER Role
Rough ER Role
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Cell with most Mitochondria
Cell with most Mitochondria
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Ribosomes on ER/envelope
Ribosomes on ER/envelope
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Smooth ER Function
Smooth ER Function
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Golgi Apparatus Function
Golgi Apparatus Function
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Nucleolus Contents
Nucleolus Contents
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Substance in Nucleus
Substance in Nucleus
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Plasma Membrane Permeability
Plasma Membrane Permeability
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Bulk Transport
Bulk Transport
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Membrane Permeability Factors
Membrane Permeability Factors
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Membrane Proteins
Membrane Proteins
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Cells without a Nucleus
Cells without a Nucleus
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Study Notes
- Membrane proteins perform various functions: acting as self markers with branched carbohydrates, serving as receptors for hormones and chemical messengers, and functioning as enzymes
- Plasma membrane is selectively permeable, controlling entry and exit of substances based on their size and solubility
- Particle size and the presence of pores or channels determine which substances can pass through the plasma membrane
- Facilitated diffusion uses specialized carrier protein molecules to transport substances across the membrane, even when they cannot diffuse through unaided
- Osmosis is a passive process of water movement down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane
- Active transport involves specialized protein carrier molecules using chemical energy (ATP) to transport substances up their concentration gradient
- Bulk transport occurs through pinocytosis and phagocytosis, which involve the engulfing and digesting of particles too large to cross cell membranes
- Organelles are small, membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions in the cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
- The nucleus is a central organelle in all body cells, except mature erythrocytes, which lack a nucleus. Some cells, such as skeletal muscle fibers, contain multiple nuclei.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell physiology including the structure, function, and components of the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.
