29 Questions
What is the function of lysosomes in cells?
Digestive organs of the cells
What activates the hydrolases and inactivates bacterial metabolic systems within lysosomes?
Acid at a pH of about 5.0
Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?
Energy production
What process involves delivering intracellular components and dysfunctional organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling?
Autophagy
What is one of the key roles of autophagy in cells?
Contributing to tissue development and cell survival
What is the purpose of aquaporins in the cell membrane?
To facilitate the passage of water through the membrane
Which process involves the movement of substances into or out of the cell with the expenditure of energy?
Active transport
What is the main function of pumps in active transport?
To force molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration
Which ions does the Sodium Potassium Pump move in opposite directions?
Potassium ions out and Sodium ions in
Where does the energy come from in primary active transport?
Breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
How is the energy derived in secondary active transport?
From stored energy in ionic concentration differences
What is the function of the cell membrane in regulating exchange with the environment?
Controlling the elimination of cellular wastes
Which part of the cell contains DNA and directs cell activities?
Nucleus
What is the principal function of proteins in the cell membrane?
To provide structural support by holding the cytoskeleton in place
How does the cell membrane contribute to physical isolation?
By separating intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid
What happens if there is an alteration in the cell membrane according to the text?
Decreased recognition and response to molecules
Which part of the cell is referred to as little organs that do specific functions?
Organelles
What type of substances can easily pass through the lipid core of the bilayer?
Lipophilic substances
Which role does cholesterol play in the lipid bilayer?
Makes membranes impermeable to small water-soluble molecules
What is the primary function of sphingolipids in the lipid bilayer?
Protection from harmful environmental factors
Which ions are repelled by the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer?
$H^+$ and $Cl^-$
What is the main role of structural proteins in the cell membrane?
Maintaining cell shape and connecting membrane to cytoskeleton
Which molecules determine the degree of permeability of the lipid bilayer to water-soluble constituents?
Cholesterol molecules
What is the main concept of the fluid mosaic model?
Proteins and phospholipids are able to move laterally in the membrane.
Which type of lipid makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
Where are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of phospholipids oriented in the cell membrane?
Hydrophilic towards the outer surface and hydrophobic towards the inner surface.
Which component makes up the smallest percentage of the cell membrane composition?
Cholesterol
What is the function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane?
They are involved in cell signaling and recognition.
What is the key characteristic of a transmembrane protein?
It spans across the entire cell membrane.
Explore the structure and functions of the cell membrane, including specialized junctions, the fluid mosaic model, lipid composition, and different types of proteins. Learn about the role of membrane proteins in stabilizing tissue structure and the constant lateral movement of proteins and phospholipids in the membrane.
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