28 Questions
What is the term used to describe the division of somatic cells?
Mitosis
Who first observed mitosis in 1879 through a light microscope and used the term 'mitosis'?
W. Flemming
What does 'mito' mean in relation to the term 'mitosis'?
Thread
Which type of cells divide very rarely, approximately once a year?
Liver cells
What protein complex induces chromatin condensation to form metaphase chromosomes?
Condensin
Which protein complex maintains the linkage between sister chromatids following replication?
Cohesin
What initiates the development of the mitotic spindle at prophase?
Centrosomes
Which class of microtubules are attached to kinetochores of the chromosomes?
Kinetochorial microtubules
What is the last stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm is divided between two cells?
Cytokinesis
What structures fuse to form a disc-like structure (cell plate) during cytokinesis in higher plants?
Golgi vesicles
Which protein complex holds sister chromatids together?
Cohesin
What causes the breakdown of the nuclear envelope at the end of prophase?
Spindle microtubules
What proteins are assembled at the kinetochore and direct the movement of chromosomes toward the (-) ends of microtubules?
Microtubule motors
During which phase of the cell cycle does the nuclear material divide?
Prophase
What induces chromosome condensation to form metaphase chromosomes?
Condensins
What is the main function of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?
Forming two genetically identical daughter cells
Which structures serve as opposite poles of the mitotic spindle?
Centrosomes
What class of microtubules radiate out from the poles into the cytoplasm and contact the cell cortex?
Astral microtubules
Which protein complexes induce chromatin condensation during mitosis?
Condensins
What is the main function of mitosis in the cell cycle?
Replicating DNA and separating duplicated chromosomes
Which stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?
Growing and duplicating cytoplasmic contents
Which phase of mitosis involves the decondensation of chromosomes and reforming of nuclei?
Telophase
What is the main function of chromatin condensation during mitosis?
Allowing chromosomes to move along the mitotic spindle without tangling
Which stage of mitosis involves the separation and movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is a key event that occurs during prophase of mitosis?
Condensing of chromosomes and breakdown of nucleus
What structural component mediates cytokinesis in the cell cycle?
Actin and myosin II filaments
Which phase of mitosis involves a transitional stage where chromosomes align on the metaphase plate?
Prometaphase
Study Notes
- The cell cycle is a series of events that result in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Mitosis is the morphological phase of the cell cycle where the nuclear material is divided.
- Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where cells grow and duplicate their cytoplasmic contents.
- Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells by replicating DNA and separating the duplicated chromosomes.
- In interphase, the cell grows and prepares for mitosis by synthesizing RNA and protein.
- Mitosis consists of six stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
- Prophase is the stage where chromosomes condense and the nucleus begins to break down.
- Prometaphase is a transitional stage where the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate.
- Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell.
- Anaphase is the stage where the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase is the stage where the chromosomes decondense and the nuclei reform.
- Cytokinesis is the stage where the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed.
- Chromatin condensation is a key event of mitosis that allows the chromosomes to move along the mitotic spindle without becoming tangled.
- Condensins are protein complexes that induce chromatin condensation.
- Cytokinesis is mediated by a contractile ring of actin and myosin II filaments that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the equatorial plate of the spindle.
Test your knowledge of cell division with a focus on mitosis and meiosis. Learn about the processes, terminology, and historical observations related to cell division.
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