Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

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10 Questions

Quais são as principais diferenças entre a mitose e a meiose em termos de número de células-filhas?

A mitose produz 2 células-filhas, enquanto a meiose produz 4 células-filhas.

Qual é o resultado da meiose em termos de número de cromossomos nas células-filhas?

As células-filhas têm metade do número de cromossomos que a célula-mãe.

Qual é a principal contribuição da meiose para a variação genética?

A meiose introduz variação genética através da segregação independente e do crossing over.

Quais são as principais diferenças entre a prophase I e a prophase II?

A prophase I é a primeira fase da meiose, enquanto a prophase II é a segunda fase da meiose.

Qual é o resultado final da meiose em termos de número de células?

A meiose produz 4 células haploides.

Qual é o propósito da mitose?

Permite o crescimento, reparo e substituição de células em organismos multicelulares

Quantas células-filhas são produzidas no final da mitose?

Duas células-filhas com o mesmo número de cromossomos do que a célula-mãe

Qual é a principal diferença entre a mitose e a meiose?

O número de cromossomos nas células-filhas

Qual é a fase da mitose em que os cromossomos se alinham no centro da célula?

Metaphase

Qual é o propósito biológico da meiose?

Permite a variação genética e a produção de gametas em organismos sexuais

Study Notes

Cell Division

Mitosis

  • Definition: Process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
  • Purpose: Allows for growth, repair, and replacement of cells in multicellular organisms.
  • Stages:
    1. Interphase: Cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.
    2. Prophase: Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move to opposite poles.
    3. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
    4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
    5. Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncondenses.
    6. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.

Meiosis

  • Definition: Process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
  • Purpose: Allows for genetic variation and the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
  • Stages:
    1. Interphase: Cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.
    2. Prophase I: Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and homologous chromosomes pair up.
    3. Metaphase I: Paired chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
    4. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.
    5. Telophase I: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncondenses.
    6. Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move to opposite poles.
    7. Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
    8. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
    9. Telophase II: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncondenses.
    10. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into four daughter cells.

Key Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

  • Number of daughter cells: Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells, while meiosis produces 4 daughter cells.
  • Number of chromosomes: Mitosis results in daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.
  • Genetic variation: Meiosis introduces genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment, while mitosis does not.

Test your knowledge of cell division processes, including mitosis and meiosis, and their purposes in multicellular organisms. Learn about the stages of each process and the key differences between them.

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