Cell Cycle and Cell Division Quiz

Period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
Consists of three stages: Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), and Gap 2 (G2)
G1: Cell growth, organelle duplication, and preparation for DNA replication
S: DNA replication, resulting in two identical copies of DNA
G2: Preparation for cell division, including spindle fiber formation and organelle distribution

Type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Consists of four stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Spindle fibers form
Metaphase:
- Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Each chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber
Anaphase:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers
Telophase:
- Nuclear envelope reforms
- Chromosomes uncoil and return to interphase structure

Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Occurs in gamete production (sperm and egg cells)
Consists of two consecutive cell divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I:
- Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Meiosis II:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Four haploid daughter cells are produced

Process of cytoplasmic division and cleavage of the cell
Occurs after mitosis or meiosis
In animal cells:
- Cleavage furrow forms and deepens
- Cell splits into two daughter cells
In plant cells:
- Cell plate forms and separates the cytoplasm
- Cell wall material is deposited in the cell plate

Process by which cells communicate with each other to regulate cell division and growth
Involves signal transduction pathways and molecular signaling molecules
Examples of cell signaling molecules:
- Growth factors
- Hormones
- Cytokines
- Signaling proteins (e.g. cyclin-dependent kinases)

Lasts for 90% of the cell cycle, involving cell growth and preparation for cell division
Comprises three stages: Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), and Gap 2 (G2)
G1: Cell growth, organelle duplication, and preparation for DNA replication
S: DNA replication, resulting in two identical copies of DNA
G2: Preparation for cell division, including spindle fiber formation and organelle distribution

Type of cell division resulting in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Consists of four stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, each attached to a spindle fiber
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers
Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes uncoil, and return to interphase structure

Type of cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Occurs in gamete production (sperm and egg cells)
Consists of two consecutive cell divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, four haploid daughter cells are produced

Process of cytoplasmic division and cleavage of the cell
Occurs after mitosis or meiosis
In animal cells: Cleavage furrow forms and deepens, cell splits into two daughter cells
In plant cells: Cell plate forms and separates the cytoplasm, cell wall material is deposited in the cell plate

Process by which cells communicate with each other to regulate cell division and growth
Involves signal transduction pathways and molecular signaling molecules
Examples of cell signaling molecules: Growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and signaling proteins (e.g. cyclin-dependent kinases)