Cell Biology Mitosis and Cell Cycle Quiz

<p>It fragments, allowing microtubules access (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preparation for chromosome segregation occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They remain attached at the centromere until mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To segregate chromosomes during cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1, S, G2, M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes uncontrolled cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclins degrade after being activated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate proteins by adding phosphate groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1 checkpoint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell synthesizes proteins for mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They sense and respond to density and anchorage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell checks for DNA damage and prepares for division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They continuously divide without regard for checkpoints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1 checkpoint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for the activation and deactivation of cyclins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They connect centrosomes to kinetochores and pull chromosomes apart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear envelopes reappear and chromosomes decondense. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by the cleavage furrow formation and cytoplasmic division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They organize the mitotic spindle and position microtubules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They anchor the microtubules to the chromosomes' centromeres. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis involves spindle fibers, while binary fission does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It runs parallel to the cell cycle to ensure proper timing and regulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

Part of the cell cycle where the cell grows and replicates its DNA (G1, S, G2).

Division of the cell's nucleus, where replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

Process of copying DNA to create two identical sister chromatids.

Identical copies of a chromosome joined together by a centromere.

First stage of mitosis, where chromosomes condense and become visible.

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Stage of mitosis when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

Stage between prophase and metaphase; nuclear envelope breaks down.

Protein ropes that connect centrosomes to kinetochores, pulling chromosomes during mitosis.

Organizing center at cell poles that microtubules radiate from, assisting in positioning chromosomes.

Attachment linking microtubules to a chromosome's centromere.

The plane where chromosomes align during metaphase.

Cell division mechanism in bacteria and some single-cell eukaryotes where chromosomes separate as they replicate, without microtubules.

Molecular mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle's progression.

Control points in the cell cycle that ensure accurate DNA replication and other processes before proceeding to the next phase.

A critical point in the cell cycle before DNA synthesis (S phase) where the cell checks for conditions favorable for replication. The checkpoint ensures that the cell has sufficient resources and undamaged DNA before proceeding.

A checkpoint that occurs before mitosis (M phase) ensuring that DNA replication is completed and any DNA damage has been repaired. This ensures that the cell has two complete sets of chromosomes ready for division.

Ensures that each chromosome has properly attached to the spindle fibers before the sister chromatids separate, preventing errors in chromosome distribution.

Cancer cells disregard cell cycle checkpoints and ignore signals that would normally stop their growth, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

Enzymes that control cell cycle progression by phosphorylating (adding phosphate groups) to target proteins, activating or inactivating them.

Regulatory proteins that bind to and activate CDKs, acting as 'decision molecules' that determine whether the cell enters a particular stage of the cell cycle.

Normal cells require attachment to a solid surface (like a vessel) to grow and divide, which serves as a check to prevent uncontrolled growth.

Normal cells stop growing and dividing when they reach a certain density, preventing overcrowding.

The process by which normal cells acquire mutations that cause them to lose cell cycle control and become cancerous, characterized by uncontrolled growth and division.