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Questions and Answers
What stage of the cell cycle involves the synthesis of DNA?
What stage of the cell cycle involves the synthesis of DNA?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes first become visible?
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes first become visible?
What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
What is the main function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
What occurs during anaphase?
What occurs during anaphase?
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Which process accompanies mitosis in most cells?
Which process accompanies mitosis in most cells?
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What marks the beginning of the prometaphase?
What marks the beginning of the prometaphase?
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How long does interphase typically last in adult mammalian cells?
How long does interphase typically last in adult mammalian cells?
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Which of the following correctly describes telophase?
Which of the following correctly describes telophase?
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What is the primary role of proto-oncogenes in cellular function?
What is the primary role of proto-oncogenes in cellular function?
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What happens when a tumor suppressor gene is mutated?
What happens when a tumor suppressor gene is mutated?
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What is the process by which prokaryotic cells reproduce?
What is the process by which prokaryotic cells reproduce?
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How do chromatins relate to chromosomes?
How do chromatins relate to chromosomes?
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What occurs during the prophase of mitosis?
What occurs during the prophase of mitosis?
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What defines sister chromatids in the context of cell division?
What defines sister chromatids in the context of cell division?
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What is the function of centrioles during mitosis?
What is the function of centrioles during mitosis?
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How do tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes interact?
How do tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes interact?
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What is the function of the contractile ring in animal cells during cell division?
What is the function of the contractile ring in animal cells during cell division?
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Which structure is responsible for holding sister chromatids together?
Which structure is responsible for holding sister chromatids together?
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What distinguishes the process of cytokinesis in plant cells from that in animal cells?
What distinguishes the process of cytokinesis in plant cells from that in animal cells?
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Which component is NOT part of the mitotic spindle apparatus?
Which component is NOT part of the mitotic spindle apparatus?
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What role do centrioles play in cell division?
What role do centrioles play in cell division?
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Which characteristic is true of apoptosis?
Which characteristic is true of apoptosis?
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What is chromatin primarily composed of?
What is chromatin primarily composed of?
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How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells possess?
How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells possess?
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of stages that occur between the division of a cell and the subsequent division of its daughter cells.
- Interphase comprises 90% of the cell cycle, where cells function normally and prepare for mitosis.
- Interphase stages include G1, S, and G2.
- G1: Cell recovers from division, grows in size, increases the number of organelles, and gathers materials.
- S: DNA replication occurs, where one DNA molecule becomes two identical DNA molecules.
- G2: Cell synthesizes proteins needed for division; microtubules are formed.
Mitosis
- Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei.
- It has four phases:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nucleolus disappears.
- Prometaphase: Nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the nucleolus reappears.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
- In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two.
- In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the daughter cells.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Checkpoints are crucial for regulating the cell cycle.
- They ensure accurate duplication and division of cellular components.
- When checkpoints fail, uncontrolled cell growth and division can lead to cancer.
Cancer
- Cancer is a disorder of uncontrolled cell growth and division.
- It results from mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.
- Oncogenes promote cell division, and tumor suppressor genes prevent it.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential stages of the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. You'll explore the phases of interphase, including G1, S, and G2, as well as the detailed steps involved in mitosis from prophase to anaphase. Test your knowledge on cell division and its significance in biology.
