Carbohydrates Anomerism and Epimerism Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the key characteristic of a compound with D-configuration?

  • It has no optical activity
  • It can be either dextrorotatory (D+) or levorotatory (D-) (correct)
  • It is always dextrorotatory (D+)
  • It is always levorotatory (D-)

    • What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-fructose?

  • They are anomers
  • They are enantiomers (correct)
  • They are diastereomers
  • They are epimers

    • How does the rotation of polarized light occur when it passes through a solution of an optical isomer?

  • The light is rotated to the left (levorotatory)
  • The light is not rotated
  • The light is rotated both to the right and left
  • The light is rotated to the right (dextrorotatory) (correct)

    • What is the relationship between the D-configuration and the direction of rotation of polarized light?

    <p>D-configuration can be associated with both dextrorotatory and levorotatory rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between anomerism and optical activity in carbohydrates?

    <p>Anomerism can result in either dextrorotatory or levorotatory optical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of glycosidic linkage found in polysaccharides?

    <p>β-1,4 linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the monosaccharide units in polysaccharides is correct?

    <p>Polysaccharides contain more than 20 monosaccharide units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between D-glucose and L-glucose?

    <p>D-glucose and L-glucose are enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the ring structure of sugars in solution?

    <p>Aldoses form pyranose rings, and ketoses form furanose rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an anomer and an epimer?

    <p>Anomers differ in the configuration of the anomeric carbon, while epimers differ in the configuration of any other carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about D-sugars and L-sugars is correct?

    <p>D-sugars and L-sugars are enantiomers, and only D-sugars are utilized by humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe an asymmetric carbon atom in a ring structure?

    <p>Anomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of sugars do anomers differ at only C1 for aldoses and C2 for ketoses?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of sugars represents an example of alpha and beta anomers?

    <p>D-glucose and D-fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes variations in the configuration of -H and -OH around a single carbon atom?

    <p>Epimerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mannose is considered an epimer of glucose because they differ in configuration around which carbon atom?

    <p>C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows compounds with asymmetric carbon atoms to rotate plane polarized light?

    <p>Optical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Configuration and Optical Activity

    • A compound with D-configuration has a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the right side of the asymmetric carbon atom in a Fischer projection.
    • D-glucose and D-fructose are isomers, meaning they have the same molecular formula but differ in their structure.

    Optical Isomers and Polarized Light

    • When polarized light passes through a solution of an optical isomer, it rotates the plane of polarization due to the asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecules.
    • The direction of rotation of polarized light depends on the configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom, with D-configuration corresponding to dextrorotatory (right-handed) rotation and L-configuration corresponding to levorotatory (left-handed) rotation.

    Anomerism and Glycosidic Linkages

    • Anomerism is a type of stereoisomerism that occurs when a sugar molecule has a different configuration at the anomeric carbon (C1 for aldoses, C2 for ketoses).
    • Glycosidic linkages occur between the anomeric carbon of one sugar molecule and the hydroxyl group of another sugar molecule.
    • The most common type of glycosidic linkage found in polysaccharides is the alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

    Epimers and Asymmetric Carbon Atoms

    • Epimers are sugars that differ in configuration at only one asymmetric carbon atom.
    • An anomeric carbon atom is a type of asymmetric carbon atom in a ring structure.
    • Mannose is an epimer of glucose because they differ in configuration at C2.
    • Variations in the configuration of -H and -OH around a single carbon atom are described as epimerism.
    • Compounds with asymmetric carbon atoms can rotate plane-polarized light due to their ability to interact with the electric field of the light.

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    Description

    Learn about anomeric carbon atom formation and anomerism in aldoses and ketoses, as well as the concept of epimerism in carbohydrates, with examples like α-D-glucose, β-D-glucose, α-D-fructose, and β-D-fructose.

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