Bone Anatomy and Types Quiz
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Bone Anatomy and Types Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of spongy bone compared to woven bone?

  • Greater porosity and softer structure (correct)
  • Absence of bone marrow spaces
  • Collagen fibers arranged in parallel to the surface
  • Higher density and more mechanical strength

    • Which type of bone is primarily formed during rapid osteoid production by osteoblasts?

  • Spongy bone
  • Lamellar bone
  • Woven bone (correct)
  • Cortical bone

    • What is the function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

  • Facilitate the growth of healthy bone by stimulating osteoblasts (correct)
  • Maintain the mineralization of the osseous matrix
  • Initiate formation of new bone structure
  • Synthesize and secrete collagen proteins

    • Which of the following best describes the structure of spongy bone?

    <p>Trabecular framework with interspersed marrow spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is primarily secreted by osteoblasts during bone formation?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecules are produced by osteoclasts to stimulate the differentiation of osteoblasts?

    <p>M-CSF and RANKL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about woven bone is correct?

    <p>It is typically found in fetal development and at fracture sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the high porosity of spongy bone serve?

    <p>Allows for variable nutrient and waste exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of primary bone healing?

    <p>Bone ends in direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables affects the process of bone healing?

    <p>Patient's age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which clinical situation would BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) be applied?

    <p>Fracture repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone healing is most common?

    <p>Secondary (indirect) bone healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting bone healing?

    <p>Quality of surgical sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts in the bone remodeling process?

    <p>Osteoprotegerin produced by osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do osteocytes contribute to bone regulation?

    <p>As mechano-sensors responding to microdamage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone breaking through the skin?

    <p>Open fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of hairline fracture?

    <p>Stress fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture involves the bone being shattered into multiple pieces?

    <p>Comminuted fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during an avulsion fracture?

    <p>A tendon pulls a piece of bone away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of fracture might there be significant injury to surrounding structures?

    <p>Complicated fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture is more likely to occur in older individuals with osteoporosis?

    <p>Compression fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do gap junctions play in the function of osteocytes?

    <p>They allow for communication with other cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the receptor RANK in osteoclast formation?

    <p>It allows binding with osteoblast-derived RANKL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for osteogenesis to occur within a graft?

    <p>The graft must be well vascularised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of osteoconduction in bone healing?

    <p>Support for existing cells through a scaffold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graft is predominantly used to promote osteogenesis?

    <p>Cancellous autografts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from the resorbing bone matrix to stimulate osteoinduction?

    <p>Growth factors and BMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is considered a prototype osteoconductive element?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which osteoconduction contributes to bone formation?

    <p>Scaffolding for cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the transformation of local undifferentiated cells into bone-forming cells?

    <p>Osteoinduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TGF-βs in the context of bone healing?

    <p>Facilitating MSC differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with the process of osteoinduction?

    <p>Microfractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of bone healing does creeping substitution primarily relate to?

    <p>Osteoconduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a transverse fracture?

    <p>A straight and horizontal break completely across the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of healing involves the formation of cutting cones?

    <p>Direct (primary) bone healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates secondary bone healing?

    <p>Response from the periosteum and endosteum due to instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of secondary bone healing does a hematoma form?

    <p>Hematoma stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture is most commonly associated with skiing accidents?

    <p>Spiral fracture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes gap healing?

    <p>It modifies direct healing with some bone rigidity present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanic enhances secondary bone healing?

    <p>Mobility providing mechanical stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture results in the ends being angulated due to muscle tension?

    <p>Transverse fracture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that establishes new bone during direct healing?

    <p>Osteoblasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture could be described as resembling a corkscrew?

    <p>Spiral fracture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Bone

    • Spongy bone is also called trabecular, cancellous or spongy bone and has low density and high porosity.
    • Woven bone is immature and has fewer collagen fibres, and is evident as a fibrous matrix.
    • Woven bone is evident in foetal bone and adult bone fractures.
    • Woven bone will later be replaced by lamellar bone in foetal tissues.

    Bone Cells

    • Osteoblasts are bone forming cells that secrete bone matrix proteins, including type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins.
    • Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that remove damaged and necrosed tissues at the site of injury.
    • Osteocytes are mature bone cells that coordinate bone remodelling processes by acting as mechano-sensors.

    Osteoblast Regulation of Osteoclast Formation

    • Osteoblasts express RANKL which binds to RANK on osteoclast precursor surfaces.
    • Osteoblasts produce osteoprotegerin (OPG), which inhibits differentiation of osteoclasts.

    Types of Bone Fracture

    • Closed (simple) fractures do not pierce the skin.
    • Open (compound) fractures pierce the skin.
    • Greenstick fractures are small slender cracks that occur in children.
    • Hairline fractures are often stress fractures.
    • Complicated fractures involve damage to surrounding structures.
    • Comminuted fractures refer to a shattered bone.
    • Avulsion fractures occur at muscle attachments, when powerful muscle contractions wrench the tendon free.
    • Compression (impacted) fractures occur when two bones are forced against each other.

    Mechanisms for Bone Healing

    • Primary (direct) bone healing involves accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation.
    • Secondary (indirect) bone healing involves the formation of a callus.

    Processes of Bone Healing - Grafting

    • Osteogenesis is the formation of new bone by surviving cells within the graft.
    • Osteoconduction involves new bone generation from existing cells in the graft.
    • Osteoinduction is the transformation of local undifferentiated cells into bone forming cells.

    Factors Affecting Bone Healing

    • Injury variables include the severity of the injury, location of the fracture and tissue interposition.
    • Patient variables include age, nutrition, systemic hormones and infection.
    • Treatment variables include decreasing the fracture gap, stabilizing the fracture and restoring fracture segments.

    Application of BMPs

    • BMPs are used in orthopaedics, oral and maxillofacial and dental settings.

    Primary vs. Secondary Bone Healing

    • Primary bone healing involves no movement and is present with absolute stability.
    • Secondary bone healing involves movement and is present with relative stability.

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    Related Documents

    University of Plymouth Healing in Bone PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different types of bone, their cells, and the mechanisms of bone regulation. This quiz covers spongy and woven bones, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and the process of bone remodeling, including fractures. Dive into the world of skeletal biology and learn about bone health and repair.

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