Anatomy LE 4: Accessory Glands of the Gastrointestinal Tract

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What percentage of blood to the liver is supplied by the Hepatic artery?

30% (correct)

20%

70%

50%

What is the primary cause of an increase in pressure within the portal vein?

Excessive flow of splanchnic or hepatic arterial blood to the liver

Blockage of blood vessels in the intrahepatic portal vein tree (correct)

Impaired outflow of blood from the liver

Defects in blood flow in portal hypertension

What is the name of the disease marked by the degeneration of the cells, inflammation and fibrous thickening of tissue in the liver?

Portal Hypertension

Cirrhosis (correct)

Alcoholism

Hepatitis

What happens to the blood in portal hypertension?

It finds alternative pathways/routes through anastomoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that blood vessels branch into in the liver?

Central vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tree-like structure that blood vessels branch into in the liver?

Intrahepatic portal vein tree Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in pressure within the portal vein?

Portal Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that the venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract reaches without going through the liver?

Systemic or caval system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the connections between the portal and systemic circulations that provide alternative routes of circulation?

Anastomoses Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the Islets of Langerhans?

Serous acini Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the larger intralobular ducts?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the most numerous pancreatic ducts?

Tail of the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centroacinar cells?

To secrete pancreatic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What contains the digestive enzyme in inactive form?

Zymogen granules Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about pancreatic acini?

The initial duct leading from acini begins within the acinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of the 3-year-old boy with fever and swelling on the right side of face?

Mumps Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cells that make up the pancreatic acinus?

Pyramidal secretory serous cells Signup and view all the answers

What joins the main pancreatic duct that would run the length of the gland?

Intralobular and intercalated ducts Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood to the liver is brought by the portal vein?

75-80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of nutrients carried by the portal vein to the liver?

The entire GIT Signup and view all the answers

Where does the portal vein form?

Behind the neck of the pancreas at the level of L1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of removing a section of the liver during hepatic lobectomy?

No excessive bleeding, with independent blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hepatic lobectomy?

To remove a malignant mass or tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the portal vein's route after forming behind the pancreas?

Behind the first portion of the duodenum, to the right border of the lesser omentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the blood carried by the portal vein?

Oxygen-poor, nutrient-rich Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the portal vein in relation to the liver?

To carry all nutrients absorbed by the alimentary tract to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the porta hepatis in relation to the portal vein?

Where the portal vein splits into the right and left branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature of the patient mentioned in the case?

38°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a high level of bilirubin in the blood?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the islets of Langerhans?

Regulating glucose and lipid metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total saliva volume is produced by minor salivary glands?

15% Signup and view all the answers

Where is Stensen's duct located?

Opposite to the upper 1st molar tooth Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gland that produces α-Amylase?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of pancreatic volume occupied by the endocrine portion?

1-2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily consumption of beer by the 52-year-old man mentioned in the case?

4-5 bottles Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the yellowing of the skin in the 52-year-old man mentioned in the case?

High level of bilirubin in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the liver?

Production and secretion of pepsinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a content of the cystohepatic triangle?

Left hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which space is the most gravity-dependent in the abdominal cavity?

Subhepatic recess Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the subphrenic recess into left and right?

Coronary ligament Signup and view all the answers

What structure controls the filling and emptying of the gallbladder?

Pars spiralis Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the pancreas?

It can be seen when the liver is lifted Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the tail of the pancreas?

Concavity of the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Zone 3 of the hepatic lobule?

It receives the least oxygen and nutrients Signup and view all the answers