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Questions and Answers
What type of reaction builds up complex molecules from simpler ones?
What type of reaction builds up complex molecules from simpler ones?
Enzymes work on multiple reactions at the same time.
Enzymes work on multiple reactions at the same time.
False
What model is used to describe how enzymes interact with their substrates?
What model is used to describe how enzymes interact with their substrates?
lock and key model
The __________ Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord.
The __________ Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord.
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Which enzyme is responsible for speeding up the breakdown of lipids?
Which enzyme is responsible for speeding up the breakdown of lipids?
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Match the following parts of the nervous system with their functions:
Match the following parts of the nervous system with their functions:
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Models in science always include all important details.
Models in science always include all important details.
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What is the main function of the nervous system?
What is the main function of the nervous system?
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Which two systems work together to support bodily functions by transporting oxygen?
Which two systems work together to support bodily functions by transporting oxygen?
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The circulatory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body.
The circulatory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body.
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What is diffusion in the context of biological processes?
What is diffusion in the context of biological processes?
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Cells make up ______, which then make up organs.
Cells make up ______, which then make up organs.
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What are the needs of each living cell?
What are the needs of each living cell?
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Metabolism only involves catabolic reactions that break down materials.
Metabolism only involves catabolic reactions that break down materials.
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Match the biological process to its definition:
Match the biological process to its definition:
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Give an example of diffusion in the body.
Give an example of diffusion in the body.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Peripheral Nervous System?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Peripheral Nervous System?
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Neurotransmitters are released into the bloodstream to transmit signals between neurons.
Neurotransmitters are released into the bloodstream to transmit signals between neurons.
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What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?
What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?
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A __________ disease is caused by pathogens and can spread from person to person.
A __________ disease is caused by pathogens and can spread from person to person.
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Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
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A reflex arc bypasses the brain entirely for quicker responses.
A reflex arc bypasses the brain entirely for quicker responses.
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Match the following terms related to diseases with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to diseases with their definitions:
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The method by which signals are transmitted between neurons involves the release of __________.
The method by which signals are transmitted between neurons involves the release of __________.
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Which type of pathogen is responsible for causing food poisoning with Salmonella?
Which type of pathogen is responsible for causing food poisoning with Salmonella?
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Viruses can reproduce outside the cells of a host organism.
Viruses can reproduce outside the cells of a host organism.
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Name one treatment option for influenza.
Name one treatment option for influenza.
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Malaria is caused by a ______.
Malaria is caused by a ______.
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Match the following diseases with their corresponding pathogen type:
Match the following diseases with their corresponding pathogen type:
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What is one method to reduce the spread of pathogens?
What is one method to reduce the spread of pathogens?
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Quarantine separates infected individuals to prevent transmission.
Quarantine separates infected individuals to prevent transmission.
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What type of pathogen can cause infections especially in moist areas?
What type of pathogen can cause infections especially in moist areas?
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What is the primary function of non-specific defenses in the immune system?
What is the primary function of non-specific defenses in the immune system?
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The outer core of the Earth is solid.
The outer core of the Earth is solid.
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What helps to improve heart health and build strength?
What helps to improve heart health and build strength?
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Pangea was a supercontinent that existed around ______ million years ago.
Pangea was a supercontinent that existed around ______ million years ago.
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Match each layer of the Earth with its description:
Match each layer of the Earth with its description:
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Who proposed the theory of continental drift?
Who proposed the theory of continental drift?
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Gondwana was part of Pangea that later broke off.
Gondwana was part of Pangea that later broke off.
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What type of immune response uses antibodies and lymphocytes?
What type of immune response uses antibodies and lymphocytes?
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Which evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
Which evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
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Seafloor spreading occurs at convergent boundaries.
Seafloor spreading occurs at convergent boundaries.
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What is the main theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere?
What is the main theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere?
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The _____ of the same species found on distant continents suggests that those land masses were once connected.
The _____ of the same species found on distant continents suggests that those land masses were once connected.
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Match the following tectonic plate boundaries with their characteristics:
Match the following tectonic plate boundaries with their characteristics:
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What causes new crust to form according to the theory of plate tectonics?
What causes new crust to form according to the theory of plate tectonics?
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Convection currents in the mantle push the tectonic plates.
Convection currents in the mantle push the tectonic plates.
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What phenomenon can result from transform boundaries?
What phenomenon can result from transform boundaries?
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Study Notes
How to Study
- Revise content by writing summary notes. Use textbook, class notes, PowerPoint or other resources, and KISS notes.
- Practice answering questions from unit reviews.
- Provide your summary notes to a friend or parent for them to quiz you. Focus on sections you couldn't explain.
Healthy Living - Body Systems
- Body systems work together to support each other's functions.
- Example: Respiratory system brings oxygen, the circulatory system carries it to body parts and blood carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
- Cells make up tissues, tissues form organs, organs form systems, which form the organism.
Needs of Living Cells
- Nutrients and water
- Oxygen
- To remove waste
Diffusion
- Diffusion is the passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Oxygen in the lungs diffuses into capillaries where it isn't much oxygen.
- This is an example of diffusion in the body.
Metabolism
- Metabolism is all the chemical reactions in the body.
- Two types of reactions are catabolic (breaking down molecules; e.g., respiration) and anabolic (building up molecules; e.g., building cells).
Enzymes
- Enzymes are catalysts that speed up metabolic processes.
- Enzymes are highly specific, meaning each type only works on one particular reaction.
- Example: Lipase breaks down lipids; protease breaks down proteins.
Models in Science
- Models are simplified representations of complex ideas.
- Models such as the 'lock and key model of enzyme' are useful in simplifying how enzymes work.
Coordination: The Nervous System
- The nervous system is a communication network controlling all other systems.
- The nervous system sends messages from body parts to the brain, and the brain sends messages back to the body.
- It includes the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Include a diagram to show the system.
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
- Neurons send neural messages.
- Neural messages are sent via electrical impulses and chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Stimulus-Response Pathway
- Stimuli can include sight, sound, and temperature changes.
- The response to stimuli may include movement or other actions dependent on the stimulus as well.
- Reflex arc pathways operate in reflex actions.
- The brain has major lobes.
The Endocrine System
- The endocrine system uses chemical messages (hormones) for communication throughout the body.
- Hormones are released in blood.
- Hormones travel around the body affecting different systems which need them, not affecting all cells.
- The gland/s release specific hormones for their designated systems.
- Examples: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, ovary (female), testis (male).
What Makes Us Sick?
- Diseases harm the body, often caused by infections, genetics, or environment.
- Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses) that can be spread from person to person.
- Non-infectious diseases are not cause by pathogens and cannot be spread to others.
Pathogens
- Pathogens are microorganisms causing disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites).
- For each pathogen type (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites) include, a definition, an example disease, transmission, symptoms and treatment.
Control of Pathogens
- Handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, wearing masks reduce pathogen transmission.
- Vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight infections.
The Immune System
- The immune system has three separate lines of defense; the first, second, and third line.
- First: Body's physical barriers, e.g., skin, stomach acid, etc.
- Second: Non-specific defenses, e.g., inflammation, phagocytes, etc.
- Third: Specific defenses using antibodies and lymphocytes.
A Changing World
- The earth has four main layers - Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core.
- These layers influence natural phenomena like Earthquakes and Volcanoes.
- Pangea: A supercontinent that existed millions of years ago where all the continents were joined.
- Gondwana was part of Pangea.
Continental Drift Theory
- Alfred Wegener proposed the Continental Drift Theory.
- The continents were once connected as part of a large supercontinent (Pangea) and drifted apart.
- Similar fossils were found on different continents providing evidence for the theory.
- The continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
Plate Tectonics Theory
- The Earth's crust is broken into large plates that move.
- Plate movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of new landforms.
- Seafloor spreading, convection currents in the mantle, and magnetic striping are evidence supporting the theory.
Types of Tectonic Plate Boundaries
- Convergent: Plates collide together, e.g., formation of Himalayas.
- Divergent: Plates move apart, e.g., Iceland.
- Transform: Plates slide past each other, eg, San Andreas fault.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to body systems, including their functions and interactions. Focus is on diffusion, the needs of living cells, and the basic principles of metabolism. Test your understanding and prepare effectively for your biology exam!
