Questions and Answers
The largest organ in the body is the?
skin
Skin prevents ___ to internal organs.
injury
Skin also prevents the loss of too much______ which is essential to life.
water
The skin is also a ______ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure.
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Blood vessels __ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high.
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Blood vessel ____ or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold.
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The body is shaped by muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
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The human body has 215 bones.
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Bones protect the body organs.
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Two bones meet at a joint.
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Muscles allow movement of body parts.
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Range of motion exercises help prevent problems related to immobility.
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Atrophy occurs when a muscle weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away.
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One way to prevent falls is to keep walkers or canes within reach.
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Arthritis is a general term referring to _________ of the joints.
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What happens to the body when a person suffers from an autoimmune illness?
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Osteoarthritis is common in?
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If an NA sees NWB on a resident's care plan, the resident?
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Which side should a resident recovering from a hip replacement dress first?
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Fractures are broken bones and are often caused by?
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What kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement?
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Which of the following statements is true of a knee replacement?
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What does the nervous system control?
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The two main parts of the nervous system are?
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A resident who has paralysis after a stroke will usually not need therapy.
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Leg exercises help improve circulation.
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When helping with transfers or ambulation, the NA should stand on the resident's stronger side.
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The NA should always use a gait belt for safety when helping a resident who has had a stroke to walk.
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The NA should refer to the side that has been affected by the stroke as the 'bad side' so that the resident will understand which side the NA is talking about.
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Gestures and smiles are important when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke.
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A resident who suffers confusion or memory loss due to stroke may feel more secure if the NA keeps a routine of care.
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A resident who has a loss of sensation could easily burn himself.
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The NA should ask questions that can be answered with a 'yes' or 'no' when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke.
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When assisting with dressing a resident who has had a stroke, the NA should dress the stronger side first.
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Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes a section of the brain to degenerate.
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Parkinson's disease causes a shuffling gait and a mask-like facial expression.
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Pill-rolling is something that people with Parkinson's do before taking their medication.
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A resident with Parkinson's disease should be discouraged from performing her own care to save energy.
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Multiple Sclerosis causes the protective _____ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain to break down over time.
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For a person with MS, nerves cannot send ____ to and from the brain in a normal way.
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Symptoms of MS include _____ vision, fatigue, tremors, poor balance, and trouble walking.
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The NA should offer _______ periods as necessary for residents with MS.
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The NA should give residents plenty of time to _____ because people with MS often have trouble forming their thoughts.
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______ can worsen the effects of MS, so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk.
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The effects of a spinal cord injury depend on the location of the injury and the force of impact.
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The lower the injury on the spinal cord, the greater the loss of function will be.
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Quadriplegia is a loss of function of the lower body and legs.
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Rehabilitation is of little help for people who have had spinal cord injuries.
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A resident with a head or spinal cord injury will need emotional support as well as physical help.
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A resident with a spinal cord injury may not feel a burn because of a loss of sensation.
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The NA should help the resident change position at least every two hours to prevent pressure injuries.
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A resident with a spinal cord injury should drink very little fluid to prevent UTI.
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List the five sense organs of the body.
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The circulatory system is made up of the ____, blood, and blood _____.
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The blood carries food, ____ and other substances cells need to function.
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The circulatory system removes ____ products from cells.
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What is the consistent blood pressure measurement at which a person is diagnosed with hypertension?
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What are three possible causes of hypertension?
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) lowers the supply of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart and can lead to heart attack or stroke.
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The heart needs more oxygen when the body is at rest.
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The pain of angina pectoris is usually described as pressure or tightness in the left side of the chest.
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A person suffering from angina pectoris may sweat, look pale, and have trouble breathing.
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If a person with CAD rests, it helps the blood flow return to normal.
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A NA can administer nitroglycerin to a resident when the resident requests it.
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A resident who has CAD may need to avoid heavy meals and intense exercise.
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List six things that may be included in a cardiac rehabilitation program.
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Congestive heart failure can be treated and controlled with?
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Medications help remove excess ____. This means more trips to the ____.
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Limited ____ or _____ may be prescribed.
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Residents may need to be ____ at the same time every day.
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Extra _____ may help residents who have trouble breathing.
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A common side effect of CHF medication is?
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Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition in which the legs, feet, arms, or hands do not have enough?
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PVD is caused by?
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Respiration occurs in the lungs.
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Expiration is breathing in.
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The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
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Regular exercise and movement should be encouraged.
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Residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have difficulty with?
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For a person with COPD, a common fear is?
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What is the best position for a resident with COPD?
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Part of the NA's role in caring for a resident with COPD includes?
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Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are grouped under?
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List the two vital functions of the urinary system.
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What is one reason why the female bladder is more likely to become infected with bacteria than the male bladder?
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To avoid infections, women should wipe the perineal area from front to back after elimination.
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Limiting fluid intake helps prevent urinary tract infections (UTI's).
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Taking baths, rather than showers, helps prevent UTI's.
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Explain the two functions of the gastrointestinal system.
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Keeping the body in this position during sleep may help symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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Enlarged veins in the rectum that cause itching and burning are called?
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Treatment of constipation often includes eating more of this.
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An artificial opening in the body is called?
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The frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces is called?
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What is the abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease?
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The endocrine system is made up of ____.
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_____ are chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions.
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As a person ages, the body is less able to handle ___.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough or properly use?
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Sugars collecting in the blood cause problems with?
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Study Notes
Skin and Its Functions
- Skin is the largest organ in the body, essential for protection.
- It prevents injury to internal organs and helps retain vital water for life.
- Functions as a sense organ detecting heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure.
Bones and Joints
- The human body contains 206 bones, which protect organs and form the body's structure.
- Bones meet at joints, allowing for movement, which is facilitated by muscles, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
- Range of motion exercises are critical for preventing problems linked to immobility.
Muscle Conditions
- Muscle atrophy refers to the weakening or wasting away of muscle tissue.
- Keeping mobility aids, like walkers, within reach can help prevent falls, especially in older adults.
Arthritis
- Arthritis generally indicates swelling in the joints and can affect mobility.
Autoimmune Illnesses
- Autoimmune conditions result in the immune system attacking normal body tissues.
Osteoarthritis
- More prevalent in the elderly, osteoarthritis can severely affect joint function and mobility.
Mobility After Injury
- "NWB" on a care plan indicates non-weight-bearing status on legs.
- For those recovering from hip replacements, dressing the affected side first is crucial.
Fractures
- Fractures may often result from osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones.
- An abduction pillow assists in immobilizing the hips post-surgery.
Nervous System Functions
- The nervous system, consisting of the central and peripheral systems, coordinates body functions.
Stroke Recovery
- Residents post-stroke may require ongoing therapy and should be encouraged to communicate effectively.
- Care routines provide security for residents experiencing confusion or memory loss.
Parkinson's Disease
- A progressive disease leading to degeneration in the brain, causing mobility issues, tremors, and rigid facial expressions like a mask.
- Independence in self-care is encouraged for residents to maintain energy levels.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- MS involves the deterioration of the myelin sheath insulating nerves, impacting message transmission between the brain and body.
- Symptoms can include blurry vision and fatigue; emotional support is beneficial for residents dealing with MS.
Spinal Cord Injury
- The severity of injury effects depends on its location; higher injuries can cause more loss of function.
- Rehabilitation plays a key role in aiding recovery, and consistent emotional and physical support is essential.
Circulatory System
- Made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, it is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients while eliminating waste.
- Hypertension is diagnosed at a blood pressure of 130/80 or higher, with possible causes including kidney disease and adrenal tumors.
Heart Conditions
- Coronary artery disease reduces blood and oxygen supply to the heart, potentially leading to severe complications like heart attacks.
- Angina pectoris induces chest pain often described as pressure, with symptoms including pallor and difficulty breathing.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Managed with medications that help remove excess fluids and may necessitate frequent bathroom visits.
- Proper positioning, regular weighing, and providing extra pillows can support residents facing breathing challenges.
Respiratory System
- Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, respiration occurs in the lungs.
- Encouragement of regular exercise and movement is vital, particularly for residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Urinary System
- Functions to eliminate waste and maintain water balance; women are more prone to urinary infections due to shorter urethras.
- Proper hygiene practices and adequate fluid intake are essential in preventing urinary tract infections.
Gastrointestinal System
- Responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients; maintaining an upright position during sleep can help with reflux symptoms.
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various body functions, with the body's ability to handle stress decreasing with age.
Diabetes
- Characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin effectively, leading to high sugar levels in the blood and subsequent circulation issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Body Systems and Related Conditions. This study guide covers essential functions and definitions related to the skin and its role in protecting internal organs. Perfect for students preparing for exams on this topic.
