16 Questions
Which of the following bases pairs with cytosine in DNA?
guanine
Quantitative observations involve numerical data.
True
What are the sex chromosomes for a female human?
XX
The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element is a _______.
atom
Match the following chemistry terms with their definitions:
Ion = An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons Covalent bond = A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms Mass number = The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus Anion = A negatively charged ion
In a scientific experiment, which variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable?
independent variable
Embryology is the study of embryos and their development.
True
The purpose of a _______ in an experiment is to serve as a standard for comparison.
control
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
Munich sequence proteins are made up of polypeptides.
True
What term describes an organism's genetic makeup?
genotype
In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a ______ to produce water and a salt.
base
Which of the following describes a chemical equation?
A representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative amounts of reactants and products
What is selective breeding also known as?
artificial selection
Match the following cell components with their function:
Nucleus = Contains genetic material Ribosome = Protein synthesis Mitochondrion = Energy production Chloroplast = Photosynthesis
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
Amount of sunlight
Study Notes
Biology: DNA and Genetics
- The structure of DNA: phosphate, ribose sugar, nitrogen base (A, C, G, T) in a double helix shape with complementary base pairing.
- DNA components: genes, chromosomes, autosomes, sex chromosomes (XY, XX).
- Chromosome structure: gene distribution and genetic information storage.
- Proteins: polypeptides, amino acids, and genetic coding.
- Gametes: haploid, diploid, and their roles in reproduction.
- Genotypes and phenotypes: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, X-linked, and Y-linked traits.
- Punnett squares: predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
- Pedigree analysis: tracing genetic traits in families.
- Gene technology: applications and advancements.
Chemistry
- Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, electrons, and mass number.
- Electronic configuration and periodic table organization.
- Chemical equations: writing and balancing reactants and products.
- Law of conservation of mass: matter cannot be created or destroyed.
- Symbols, formulas, and ions: anions, cations, and ionic bonding.
- Covalent bonding: molecular structure and properties.
- Reaction types: precipitation, combination, decomposition, and neutralization.
- Ion tables and ionic bonding: electrostatic attraction.
The Scientific Method
- Practical reporting: aim, hypothesis, observations, data tables, and graphing.
- Variables: independent, dependent, control, and controlled.
- Conclusion drawing: data analysis and error consideration.
- Errors, accuracy, precision, outliers, and bias: understanding data limitations.
Natural Selection & Evolution
- Natural selection: adaptation, variation, and species survival.
- Artificial selection: selective breeding and its applications.
- Steps leading to natural selection: peppered moth, insects, and bacteria examples.
- Species definition: biological differences and reproductive isolation.
- Speciation: variation, isolation, and selection leading to new species.
- Evidence for evolution: comparative anatomy, DNA structure, embryology, and origins.
Biology: DNA and Genetics
- The structure of DNA: phosphate, ribose sugar, nitrogen base (A, C, G, T) in a double helix shape with complementary base pairing.
- DNA components: genes, chromosomes, autosomes, sex chromosomes (XY, XX).
- Chromosome structure: gene distribution and genetic information storage.
- Proteins: polypeptides, amino acids, and genetic coding.
- Gametes: haploid, diploid, and their roles in reproduction.
- Genotypes and phenotypes: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, X-linked, and Y-linked traits.
- Punnett squares: predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
- Pedigree analysis: tracing genetic traits in families.
- Gene technology: applications and advancements.
Chemistry
- Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, electrons, and mass number.
- Electronic configuration and periodic table organization.
- Chemical equations: writing and balancing reactants and products.
- Law of conservation of mass: matter cannot be created or destroyed.
- Symbols, formulas, and ions: anions, cations, and ionic bonding.
- Covalent bonding: molecular structure and properties.
- Reaction types: precipitation, combination, decomposition, and neutralization.
- Ion tables and ionic bonding: electrostatic attraction.
The Scientific Method
- Practical reporting: aim, hypothesis, observations, data tables, and graphing.
- Variables: independent, dependent, control, and controlled.
- Conclusion drawing: data analysis and error consideration.
- Errors, accuracy, precision, outliers, and bias: understanding data limitations.
Natural Selection & Evolution
- Natural selection: adaptation, variation, and species survival.
- Artificial selection: selective breeding and its applications.
- Steps leading to natural selection: peppered moth, insects, and bacteria examples.
- Species definition: biological differences and reproductive isolation.
- Speciation: variation, isolation, and selection leading to new species.
- Evidence for evolution: comparative anatomy, DNA structure, embryology, and origins.
This quiz covers the basics of DNA and genetics, including the structure of DNA, genes, chromosomes, and sex chromosomes. Test your understanding of these fundamental biology concepts.
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