Biological Molecules Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What defines functional groups in biological molecules?

They dictate how a molecule interacts with other molecules. (correct)

They determine the size of the molecule.

They alter the molecular weight of the compound.

They are the main source of energy in the molecule.

What is the process called when two glucose molecules bond together to form maltose?

Condensation Reaction

Glycolysis

Dehydration Synthesis (correct)

Hydrolysis

What is the scientific term for the breakdown of a polymer into its constituent monomers?

Condensation

Hydrolysis (correct)

Synthesis

Polymerization

Which of the following statements is true regarding glucose and fructose?

They are both monomers of complex carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

Maltose, a dimer, is formed from two glucose molecules through which of these processes?

Dehydration Synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage is formed between sugar molecules during the synthesis of complex carbohydrates?

Glycosidic linkage Signup and view all the answers

Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?

The structure of cellulose prevents access to enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes monomers from polymers in the context of carbohydrates?

Polymers are composed of multiple repeating units of monomers. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acids are primarily found in lipids that are solid at room temperature?

Saturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of R-groups in amino acids?

They determine the properties of individual amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that creates ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides?

Dehydration synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acids are typically found in liquid vegetable oils?

Unsaturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What scientific term is used for many monomers linked together?

Polymers Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes trans fats in relation to their natural occurrence?

They are rare in nature. Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration of fatty acids allows for a straight chain similar to saturated fatty acids?

Trans configuration Signup and view all the answers

Which group is identified as part of amino acids and is crucial for protein formation?

Amino group Signup and view all the answers

What determines the function of a protein?

The shape of the protein Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin in the human body?

It carries oxygen in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

Its secondary and tertiary structures change. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic building block of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is known to assist in muscle contraction?

Myosin Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a mutation in the DNA code instructing protein synthesis?

The protein may become non-functional. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Building Blocks of Life

Biological molecules are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and a few other elements.
Monomers, like glucose, bond to form polymers, which are larger chain molecules such as complex carbohydrates.

Atoms to Molecules

Functional groups define how molecules interact with others.
Monosaccharides like glucose are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

Dehydration synthesis bonds two glucose monomers to create maltose (a dimer).
Hydrolysis breaks down dimers like maltose back into monomers by adding water.

Carbohydrates

Glycosidic linkages form when two sugars bond.
Complex carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, are formed from many sugar monomers.
Starch is digestible, while cellulose is not, due to differences in molecular structure.
Cellulose is a key component of the cell wall in plants; examples include hemp, cotton, and linen.

Lipids

Lipids include triglycerides, which are formed via ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol.
Saturated fatty acids, like stearic acid, are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids, like oleic acid, remain liquid.
Trans fats occur through hydrogenation, modifying unsaturated fats to behave like saturated ones.

Proteins

Amino acids are the monomers of proteins, connected by peptide bonds.
The structure and function of proteins depend on their amino acid sequence and R-groups.
Proteins serve various roles: structural (keratin), regulatory (insulin), and enzymatic functions.
Denaturation can alter protein structure and function, as seen when cooking eggs or curdling milk.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides consist of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base, forming the building blocks of nucleic acids.
DNA is double-stranded, linked by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a key energy carrier in cells, energized by additional phosphate groups.

Summary of Biological Molecules

The four major classes are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Understanding these molecules is essential for grasping the structure and function of living systems.

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Description

Test your knowledge on biological molecules, including their structures and functions. This quiz covers topics such as functional groups, monomers, and the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Ideal for students studying biology and the chemistry of life.