Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which macromolecule is made up of unbranched β glucose molecules and cannot be digested by humans?

  • Chitin
  • Cellulose (correct)
  • DNA
  • Starch

    • What distinguishes RNA from DNA?

  • DNA encodes hereditary information; RNA does not.
  • DNA forms duplexes; RNA does not.
  • DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil. (correct)
  • All of the above

    • If a cell is exposed to a moderately high temperature, which molecule is likely to stop working first?

  • Protein (correct)
  • DNA
  • Lipid
  • RNA

    • Which molecule determines the structure of proteins?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the synthesis of lipids, what are the basic building blocks used?

    <p>Glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isomerism is exhibited by propanal compared to acetone?

    <p>Structural isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond would be present in a completely flat section of a biological molecule?

    <p>B or C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is most important for DNA molecules?

    <p>Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can carbon-based molecules do because of the versatile bond structures formed by carbon?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical bond joins a functional group to the carbon skeleton of a large molecule?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide has the greatest number of branches?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is present in a carboxyl group?

    <p>Hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction joins monomers to form polymers?

    <p>Dehydration reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological molecule category includes sugars and the polymers of sugars?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is involved in ATP molecules as part of its structure?

    <p>Phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monomers in the context of macromolecules?

    <p>Repeating subunits that serve as building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cis-trans isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula and the same properties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enantiomers are isomers that are identical mirror images of each other.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids play a role in the storage and expression of genetic information.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small changes in the RNA may cause large changes in a protein.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abnormal hemoglobin molecules in sickle-cell disease cause red blood cells to deform into a spherical shape.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All carbon-based molecules have mirror-image versions due to versatile bond structures formed by carbon.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides can branch out due to the versatile bond structures formed by carbon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydroxyl group is the functional group most important for DNA molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins help form the cell walls of bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids, such as oils, are primarily used for energy storage in animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids are responsible for storing structural information within a cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon atoms can bond with up to five other elements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In molecules with multiple carbons, every carbon bonded to four other atoms has a linear shape.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two carbon atoms are joined by a triple bond, the atoms connected to the carbons lie in the same plane as the carbons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the process of semiconservative replication?

    <p>Two identical DNA strands are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>To repair breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>It resembles a twisted ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule of complementary base pairing in DNA?

    <p>A is always paired with T, and G is always paired with C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in the humoral immune response?

    <p>To help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the immune system learns to recognize and respond to a particular antigen?

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is characterized by the activation of specialized T cells that destroy affected host cells?

    <p>Cell-mediated immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecules that can trigger an immune response by binding to receptors on the surface of immune cells?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cells mature in the thymus and are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system's ability to distinguish between 'self' and 'nonself' molecules?

    <p>To prevent autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of active immunity?

    <p>Long-lasting and requires the production of memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies transferred from the mother to the newborn?

    <p>To provide temporary protection against infectious diseases until the newborn's immune system matures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an immune system that cannot distinguish self from non-self?

    <p>An immune response that targets the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an exaggerated immune response to substances that are normally harmless?

    <p>Allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of injections of gamma globulins in patients unexpectedly exposed to an infectious disease?

    <p>To provide immediate protection against the infectious disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of histamine release by mast cells during an inflammatory response?

    <p>Increased permeability of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Phagocytosis of pathogens and foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of Natural Killer cells in the immune response?

    <p>Recognition of 'non-self' cells without previous contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Involves specific recognition of pathogens by receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adaptive immunity in terms of immunity?

    <p>Lasting immunity to specific pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Natural Killer cells and T-cells?

    <p>NK cells recognize 'non-self' cells, while T-cells recognize specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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