Biological and Psychological Theories of Aging
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What is the primary focus of extrinsic biological theories of aging?

  • Predetermined genetic programming
  • Environmental factors causing structural alterations (correct)
  • Inevitability of genetic mutations
  • Cell division limits

    • What does the intrinsic biological theory suggest about aging?

  • It arises from predetermined internal causes (correct)
  • It is solely caused by dietary habits
  • It has no genetic basis
  • It is accelerated by external pathogens

    • According to the Hayflick Limit theory, what is the maximum number of times a human cell can typically divide?

  • 50 times (correct)
  • 25 times
  • 75 times
  • 100 times

    • Which of the following factors may affect the rate of cell division according to the Hayflick Limit theory?

    <p>Lifestyle and diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do disease-causing organisms play in extrinsic biological aging theories?

    <p>They are associated with physiological changes during aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the intrinsic biological theory of aging?

    <p>Aging is a result of external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the relationship between parental age and filial life span significant in intrinsic biological theories?

    <p>It supports the genetic basis of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge to the intrinsic biological theory regarding genetic mutations?

    <p>Mutation rates do not correlate with aging rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a free radical in terms of its electron configuration?

    <p>It has a single unpaired electron in its outer shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is associated with increased levels of free radicals?

    <p>Chromosomal changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does free-radical theory primarily emphasize?

    <p>The cellular effects of free radical accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental concept of error catastrophe theory?

    <p>Accumulation of errors in essential cellular molecules leads to aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the somatic mutation theory, what role do chemical exposures play in aging?

    <p>They can alter the DNA and contribute to mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychological theories of aging emphasize?

    <p>The relationship between psychological and social changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the damage caused by free radicals as a person ages?

    <p>The damage occurs faster than the cells can repair themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the accumulation of mutated cells?

    <p>They can lead to cellular impairment and dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main concepts of disengagement theory?

    <p>Social withdrawal is beneficial for individuals and society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to activity theory, what is necessary for successful aging?

    <p>Maintaining a high level of activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does continuity theory focus on regarding older adults?

    <p>Consistent coping abilities and personal traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does activity theory make about older adults?

    <p>Their needs are the same as middle-aged persons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about disengagement theory is true?

    <p>Disengagement is considered inevitable and intrinsic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The emphasis on ongoing social activity is a defining characteristic of which theory?

    <p>Activity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of disengagement for older adults and society, according to disengagement theory?

    <p>It allows for successful aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that older adults should find substitute activities after retirement?

    <p>Activity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the disengagement theory to individuals?

    <p>Enhanced reflection and self-centrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the developmental task theory emphasize for older adults?

    <p>Achieving a sense of integrity over one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of psychological development deals with the challenge of 'Integrity vs Despair'?

    <p>Older Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the disengagement theory, the process of withdrawal is seen as:

    <p>Predictable, systemic, and necessary for societal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects the correlation in personality theory in older age?

    <p>Correlation with early life personality characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence for older adults who fail to achieve a sense of integrity?

    <p>Feelings of regret or despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the disengagement theory propose about the relationship between older adults and society?

    <p>There is a gradual and mutual withdrawal from interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental challenge occurs during the stage of a toddler?

    <p>Autonomy vs Shame &amp; Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the programmed cellular aging theory?

    <p>Impairment of cells in translating necessary RNAs due to DNA turnoffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aging theory suggests that glycation may significantly impact age-related changes?

    <p>Glycation Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the autoimmune theory, what happens as the body ages?

    <p>The immune system begins attacking and destroying its own tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of error and fidelity theory in aging?

    <p>Errors in RNA and DNA synthesis caused by stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychosocial theories of aging, what aspect of aging is primarily examined?

    <p>Cognitive function changes like memory and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the exchange theory suggest about personal relationships?

    <p>They should end if no mutual gain is possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of the DNA damage theories of aging?

    <p>Increased cell death and functional decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jung's theory, what critical phase do individuals experience as they age?

    <p>An evaluation of life's choices at midlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biological Theories of Aging

    • Biological theories explain physical aging through internal and external factors.
    • Intrinsic theories suggest aging is predetermined by genetic factors and cellular lifespan.
    • Extrinsic theories suggest environmental factors like pathogens contribute to aging.
    • Hayflick Limit Theory indicates the human cell can only divide a certain number of times (around 50) before they stop dividing and die.
    • Free-radical Theory highlights the role of free radicals — unstable molecules with an extra charge that damage cells and tissues.
    • Error Catastrophe Theory suggests that aging is caused by the accumulation of errors in cellular molecules, leading to dysfunctional cells.
    • Somatic Mutation Theory emphasizes the role of DNA mutations caused by exposure to toxins and radiation in aging.

    Psychological Theories of Aging

    • These theories focus on the interplay between social and psychological factors in aging.
    • Disengagement Theory emphasizes the gradual withdrawal from social roles and relationships with aging.
    • Personality Theory suggests that personality characteristics in old age are often linked to early life traits.
    • Developmental Task Theory argues that successful aging involves accomplishing specific tasks and challenges at different life stages.
    • Activity Theory proposes that active engagement in society and activities is crucial for happiness and well-being in old age.
    • Continuity Theory suggests that individuals tend to maintain their established behavioral patterns and coping mechanisms as they age.
    • Exchange Theory suggests that relationships continue as long as there is mutual benefit but end if there is no value exchange.

    Other Theories

    • Programmed Cellular Aging Theory suggests a disruption in the process of turning DNA into functional proteins with aging.
    • Glycation Theory proposes that the non-enzymatic binding of glucose to proteins can impair cell function and contribute to aging.
    • DNA Damage Theories suggest aging is driven by accumulated damage to DNA, leading to cell death.
    • Autoimmune Theory suggests that aging causes immune system dysfunction, resulting in the immune system attacking the body's cells.
    • Error & Fidelity Theory emphasizes the gradual decline in protein synthesis fidelity, leading to errors in RNA and DNA and impaired cell function.
    • Psychosocial Theories of Aging explain cognitive changes related to aging, such as memory and problem-solving skills.
    • Jung's Theory proposes a stage of self-reflection in midlife that allows individuals to re-evaluate life choices and decisions.

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    Gerontology Module 1B - Theories of Aging PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the biological and psychological theories surrounding the aging process. Learn about intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including the Hayflick Limit and free-radical theory, as well as the psychological aspects like disengagement theory. Test your understanding of how these theories explain aging from different perspectives.

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