Biochemistry LE 1: RBC Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  • To transport oxygen (correct)
  • To synthesize glucose
  • To regulate RBC membrane
  • To produce bilirubin

    • What is the name of the pathway involved in the synthesis of glucose in red blood cells?

  • Glutathione system
  • Cytochrome B5 reductase pathway
  • Hexose monophosphate shunt (correct)
  • Rapoport-Luebering pathway

    • What is the term for the disorders of red blood cell synthesis or function?

  • Thalassemias
  • Anemias
  • Hemoglobinopathies
  • RBC disorders (correct)

    • What is the byproduct of heme degradation?

    <p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glutathione system in red blood cells?

    <p>To reduce oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the precursor to heme?

    <p>Porphyrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme involved in the degradation of hemoglobin?

    <p>Heme oxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight is the total blood volume?

    <p>6 to 8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range of blood?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of blood?

    <p>1.035 to 1.075</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for Bisphosphoglycerate?

    <p>2,3-BPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for Erythropoietin?

    <p>EPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase?

    <p>G6PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor?

    <p>GM-CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway involved in the synthesis of glucose in red blood cells?

    <p>Hexose monophosphate shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disorders of the structure or function of hemoglobin?

    <p>Hemoglobinopathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of heme degradation in the red blood cell?

    <p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glutathione system in red blood cells?

    <p>Antioxidant function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the precursor to heme?

    <p>Porphyrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme involved in the synthesis of glucose in red blood cells?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the TCA cycle in red blood cells?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin?

    <p>Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ROS in red blood cells?

    <p>Pro-oxidant function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Osmotic Fragility Test?

    <p>To assess red blood cell membrane integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GSH in red blood cells?

    <p>Antioxidant function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disorders associated with bilirubin metabolism?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of total body weight that is comprised of total blood volume?

    <p>5-6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hexose monophosphate shunt?

    <p>To reduce NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytochrome B5 reductase in red blood cells?

    <p>To reduce methemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway involved in the synthesis of heme?

    <p>Porphyrin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bilirubin in red blood cells?

    <p>To degrade heme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disorders of red blood cell structure or function?

    <p>RBC disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glutathione in red blood cells?

    <p>To reduce oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of degrading heme in red blood cells?

    <p>Heme degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pH of blood?

    <p>7.40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight is comprised of total blood volume?

    <p>6 to 8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity range of blood?

    <p>1.035 to 1.075</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hemoglobin and Red Blood Cells

    • Hemoglobin's primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and facilitate carbon dioxide transport back to the lungs.
    • Disorders of red blood cell synthesis or function are referred to as anemias.
    • Hemoglobin structure/function disorders are known as hemoglobinopathies.

    Pathways in Red Blood Cells

    • The synthesis of glucose in red blood cells primarily occurs through the pentose phosphate pathway.
    • The enzyme responsible for glucose synthesis in red blood cells is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    • The pathway involved in the synthesis of heme is the heme biosynthetic pathway.

    Byproducts and Function

    • The byproduct of heme degradation is bilirubin.
    • The major function of the glutathione system in red blood cells is to protect against oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    • Glutathione's role in red blood cells involves maintaining the redox balance and preventing oxidative damage.

    Blood Composition and Properties

    • Total blood volume comprises approximately 7-8% of total body weight.
    • Normal blood pH ranges between 7.35 and 7.45.
    • The specific gravity of blood typically ranges from 1.050 to 1.060.

    Key Abbreviations

    • Bisphosphoglycerate is abbreviated as BPG.
    • Erythropoietin is abbreviated as EPO.
    • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is abbreviated as G6PD.
    • Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is abbreviated as GM-CSF.

    Additional Functions and Tests

    • The primary function of the TCA cycle in red blood cells relates to energy production via aerobic respiration.
    • The osmotic fragility test assesses red blood cell stability in hypotonic solutions.
    • Cytochrome B5 reductase plays a key role in the reduction of methemoglobin back to hemoglobin.
    • The hexose monophosphate shunt aids in producing NADPH, crucial for maintaining glutathione levels.

    Disorders and Metabolism

    • Disorders related to bilirubin metabolism are termed hyperbilirubinemia.
    • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in signaling but can also cause oxidative damage if not regulated.

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