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Questions and Answers
What was the primary economic activity taking place during proto-industrialization?
What was the primary economic activity taking place during proto-industrialization?
The primary economic activity was the production of goods for international markets by peasants and artisans working for merchants.
How did the rise of factories in the late 18th century affect traditional rural production methods?
How did the rise of factories in the late 18th century affect traditional rural production methods?
The rise of factories shifted production from the countryside to centralized locations, limiting the role of traditional rural methods and family labor.
What role did merchants play in the proto-industrialization process?
What role did merchants play in the proto-industrialization process?
Merchants supplied advances to peasants and artisans, enabling them to produce goods while supplementing their income from agriculture.
Identify two inventions that enhanced cotton production during the late 18th century.
Identify two inventions that enhanced cotton production during the late 18th century.
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What changes in land use occurred in the countryside during the proto-industrialization period?
What changes in land use occurred in the countryside during the proto-industrialization period?
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What are two major associations made with the term 'Orient' in the context of industrialization?
What are two major associations made with the term 'Orient' in the context of industrialization?
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In what way do the images from the early 20th century celebrate industrialization?
In what way do the images from the early 20th century celebrate industrialization?
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Identify two problems that modern development, associated with industrialization, has led to.
Identify two problems that modern development, associated with industrialization, has led to.
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How do 'Dawn of the Century' and 'Two Magicians' illustrate the contrast between East and West?
How do 'Dawn of the Century' and 'Two Magicians' illustrate the contrast between East and West?
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What does the angel of progress in 'Dawn of the Century' symbolize?
What does the angel of progress in 'Dawn of the Century' symbolize?
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What drove poor peasants and vagrants to move to cities during Victorian Britain?
What drove poor peasants and vagrants to move to cities during Victorian Britain?
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How did the demand for labor fluctuate in Victorian Britain?
How did the demand for labor fluctuate in Victorian Britain?
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What was the experience of Will Thorne when searching for work in London?
What was the experience of Will Thorne when searching for work in London?
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What type of products did the upper classes in Victorian Britain prefer?
What type of products did the upper classes in Victorian Britain prefer?
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Why did industrialists in other countries seek mechanical power during this period?
Why did industrialists in other countries seek mechanical power during this period?
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What factors influenced a worker's ability to find a job in Victorian Britain?
What factors influenced a worker's ability to find a job in Victorian Britain?
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What challenges did job seekers face while looking for employment in cities?
What challenges did job seekers face while looking for employment in cities?
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What was the relationship between machine-made goods and colonial trade?
What was the relationship between machine-made goods and colonial trade?
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Identify one seasonal industry mentioned that needed extra workers before Christmas.
Identify one seasonal industry mentioned that needed extra workers before Christmas.
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What does the painting by Samuel Luke Fildes illustrate about the homeless in London?
What does the painting by Samuel Luke Fildes illustrate about the homeless in London?
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Study Notes
Before the Industrial Revolution
- People often associate industrialisation with the growth of factory industry
- However, industrial production existed before factories
- This pre-industrial phase is known as proto-industrialisation
- In During the 17th and 18th centuries, merchants began relocating to rural areas to establish closer connections with peasant producers and artisans, facilitating the creation of goods for trade.
- They supplied money to peasants and artisans to produce goods for the international market
- The demand for goods grew with the expansion of the world market and colonies
- Merchants couldn't expand production within towns due to urban crafts and trade guilds
- They turned to the countryside where the poor peasants and artisans worked in the countryside
- This system involved a network of production
- Goods were produced by a vast number of producers working within their family farms, not in factories
- At each stage of production, between 20 and 25 workers were employed by each merchant
- This meant that each clothier controlled hundreds of workers
- An example of this system is the textile industry where wool was bought from a stapler
- The wool was spun and then taken to dyers and fullers to complete production
- London was the finishing centre that sold finished cloth to the international market.
The Coming Up of the Factory
- The first factories emerged in England in the 1730s
- In 1760, Britain was importing 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton to feed its cotton industry
- By 1787, this increased to 22 million pounds.
- This increase was linked to a number of changes within the process of production.
- A series of inventions in the 18th century increased the efficiency of the production process through carding, twisting, spinning, and rolling
- These inventions enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more yarn
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Description
Explore the pre-industrial phase known as proto-industrialisation, which laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. This quiz covers the role of merchants and the rural production network that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, where peasants and artisans worked outside of city factories. Test your knowledge of this crucial period in economic history.
