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Questions and Answers
A 70-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a deficiency of understanding of written and spoken language. Which of the following would be the most likely neurologic deficit?
A 70-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a deficiency of understanding of written and spoken language. Which of the following would be the most likely neurologic deficit?
Damage to which cortical area causes astereognosis?
Damage to which cortical area causes astereognosis?
The thalamic nucleus that is related with the emotional aspect of perception carried from the face is:
The thalamic nucleus that is related with the emotional aspect of perception carried from the face is:
Cortical connections between Wernicke's and Broca's language areas on one side of the cortex would involve which of the following pathways?
Cortical connections between Wernicke's and Broca's language areas on one side of the cortex would involve which of the following pathways?
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Which of the following structures does not take part in the accommodation reflex?
Which of the following structures does not take part in the accommodation reflex?
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The majority of hypertensive hemorrhages occur in the basal ganglia. The rupture of branches of which artery is most common?
The majority of hypertensive hemorrhages occur in the basal ganglia. The rupture of branches of which artery is most common?
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A patient with vertigo and hearing loss is admitted to the outpatient clinics. At the physical examination, no additional finding is seen. After MRI investigation, it is diagnosed that there is an infarction in which of the following arteries?
A patient with vertigo and hearing loss is admitted to the outpatient clinics. At the physical examination, no additional finding is seen. After MRI investigation, it is diagnosed that there is an infarction in which of the following arteries?
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The subthalamic nucleus contains which kind of neurotransmitter?
The subthalamic nucleus contains which kind of neurotransmitter?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the basal ganglia?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the basal ganglia?
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Where are the hair cells of the vestibular system embedded?
Where are the hair cells of the vestibular system embedded?
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Which of the following structures constitutes the cochlear nerve?
Which of the following structures constitutes the cochlear nerve?
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Which of the following statements regarding the Papez circuit is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the Papez circuit is correct?
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Which of the following structures limits the hypothalamus superiorly?
Which of the following structures limits the hypothalamus superiorly?
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Which of the following subarachnoid cisterns contains the circle of Willis?
Which of the following subarachnoid cisterns contains the circle of Willis?
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Which of the following ganglia influences the lacrimal gland to produce and secrete tears?
Which of the following ganglia influences the lacrimal gland to produce and secrete tears?
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Which of the following statements regarding the autonomic nervous system is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the autonomic nervous system is correct?
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The spinal cord ends at an average level between which vertebrae in an adult?
The spinal cord ends at an average level between which vertebrae in an adult?
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Lower motor neuron nuclei of cranial nerves are located in which part of the central nervous system?
Lower motor neuron nuclei of cranial nerves are located in which part of the central nervous system?
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Which of the following tracts facilitates the activity of the extensor muscles, inhibits the activity of the flexor muscles, and is connected with the postural activity associated with balance?
Which of the following tracts facilitates the activity of the extensor muscles, inhibits the activity of the flexor muscles, and is connected with the postural activity associated with balance?
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An elderly man was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma vestibulocochlear nerve tumor where it entered the temporal bone. Which nerve that passes through the same foramen is affected?
An elderly man was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma vestibulocochlear nerve tumor where it entered the temporal bone. Which nerve that passes through the same foramen is affected?
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Olfactory nerve fibers pass from the mucus of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb via which structure?
Olfactory nerve fibers pass from the mucus of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb via which structure?
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At which level of the brain stem, lateral corticospinal pyramidal tract neurons de the midline?
At which level of the brain stem, lateral corticospinal pyramidal tract neurons de the midline?
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Which part of the brainstem (mesencephalon) is associated with hearing?
Which part of the brainstem (mesencephalon) is associated with hearing?
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Degeneration of which structures in the mesencephalon causes Parkinson's disease?
Degeneration of which structures in the mesencephalon causes Parkinson's disease?
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A larger pathological means on the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata comprises all of the following structures, which one is the exception?
A larger pathological means on the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata comprises all of the following structures, which one is the exception?
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All of the following structures are passing through the cavernous sinus. Which one is an EXCEPTION?
All of the following structures are passing through the cavernous sinus. Which one is an EXCEPTION?
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Which of the following cranial nerves is an EXCEPTION?
Which of the following cranial nerves is an EXCEPTION?
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The middle cerebellar peduncle, which connects the cerebellum in the, contains which afferent fibers?
The middle cerebellar peduncle, which connects the cerebellum in the, contains which afferent fibers?
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All of the following cranial nerves have anterior function EXCEPT:
All of the following cranial nerves have anterior function EXCEPT:
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Which dural sinus is indicated by the arrow?
Which dural sinus is indicated by the arrow?
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Which drug would you prefer for first-line treatment of mild pain?
Which drug would you prefer for first-line treatment of mild pain?
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Which one of the following about CT or MRI is NOT matched correctly?
Which one of the following about CT or MRI is NOT matched correctly?
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Flashcards
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area
A brain region associated with language comprehension, typically located in the left hemisphere.
Broca's area
Broca's area
A region in the frontal lobe involved in language production and speech.
Astereognosis
Astereognosis
The inability to recognize objects by touch due to sensory processing issues.
Thalamic nuclei for emotions
Thalamic nuclei for emotions
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Wernicke-Broca pathway
Wernicke-Broca pathway
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Accommodation reflex
Accommodation reflex
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Cochlear nerve
Cochlear nerve
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Papez circuit
Papez circuit
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Cerebellar functions
Cerebellar functions
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Lateral corticospinal tract
Lateral corticospinal tract
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Non-convulsive status epilepticus
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
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Dementia prevention strategies
Dementia prevention strategies
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Basal ganglia functions
Basal ganglia functions
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Hypothalamus limits
Hypothalamus limits
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Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
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Pain reflex pathway
Pain reflex pathway
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EEG
EEG
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Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
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Functional MRI (fMRI)
Functional MRI (fMRI)
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Myelination
Myelination
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Spinal reflexes
Spinal reflexes
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Vestibular system
Vestibular system
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Sleep architecture
Sleep architecture
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Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
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Cerebral hematoma
Cerebral hematoma
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Insulin's role in the brain
Insulin's role in the brain
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Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity
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Study Notes
Anatomy Questions and Answers
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Question 1: A 70-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with difficulty understanding written and spoken language. Which neurological deficit is most likely?
- Correct Answer: Sensory speech area
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Question 2: Damage to which cortical area causes astereognosis?
- Correct Answer: Primary sensory cortex
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Question 3: Which thalamic nucleus is associated with the emotional aspect of facial sensation?
- Correct Answer: Ventroposterior
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Question 4: Cortical connections between Wernicke's and Broca's area rely on which pathway?
- Correct Answer: Superior longitudinal fasciculus
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Question 5: Which structure does not participate in the accommodation reflex?
- Correct Answer: Optic nerve
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 2)
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Question 6: Hypertensive hemorrhages most commonly occur in which area of the basal ganglia?
- Correct Answer: Lenticulostriate artery
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Question 7: A patient with vertigo and hearing loss presents. MRI reveals an infarction in which arterial pathway?
- Correct Answer: Labyrinthine artery
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Question 8: What neurotransmitter is found in the subthalamic nucleus?
- Correct Answer: Glutamate
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Question 9: Which function is NOT a role of the basal ganglia?
- Correct Answer: To provide body balance
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Question 10: Where are the hair cells of the vestibular system embedded?
- Correct Answer: Cupulae of cortical ampullaries
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Question 11: Which structures form the cochlear nerve?
- Correct Answer: Central projections of bipolar neurons in the spiral ganglion
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 3)
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Question 12: Which statement regarding the Papez circuit is correct?
- Correct Answer: Hippocampal formation projects via the fornix to the thalamus
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Question 13: Which structure limits the hypothalamus superiorly?
- Correct Answer: Hypothalamic sulcus
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Question 14: Which subarachnoid cisterna contains the circle of Willis?
- Correct Answer: Suprasellar cistern
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Question 15: Which ganglion influences the lacrimal gland to produce tears?
- Correct Answer: Pterygopalatine ganglion
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Question 16: Which statement regarding the autonomic nervous system is correct?
- Correct Answer: Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system enter the sympathetic trunk via rami communicantes albus.
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 4)
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Question 17: At what vertebral level does the spinal cord typically end in adults?
- Correct Answer: Between the first and second lumbar vertebrae
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Question 18: Where are the lower motor neuron nuclei for cranial nerves located?
- Correct Answer: Brainstem
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Question 19: Which tract facilitates the activity of extensor muscles, inhibits flexor muscles, and relates to balance?
- Correct Answer: Vestibulospinal tract
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Question 20: Which cranial nerve is affected by an acoustic neuroma that originates in the temporal bone?
- Correct Answer: Facial
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Question 21: What structure guides the olfactory nerve fibers through the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb?
- Correct Answer: Cribriform plate
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 5)
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Question 22: At what brain stem level does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate?
- Correct Answer: Decussation of the pyramids
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Question 23: Which brainstem part is associated with hearing?
- Correct Answer: Inferior colliculus
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Question 24: Which structures' degeneration is associated with Parkinson's Disease?
- Correct Answer: Substantia nigra
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Question 25: Which structure is NOT part of the medulla oblongata?
- Correct Answer: Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
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Question 26: Which structure does NOT pass through the cavernous sinus?
- Correct Answer: Hypoglossal nerve
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Question 27: Which cranial nerve is an exception?
- Correct Answer: Hypoglossal nerve
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 6)
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Question 28: Which afferent fibers connect the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle?
- Correct Answer: Corticopontocerebellar pathway
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Question 29: Which cranial nerve does NOT have anterior function?
- Correct Answer: Olfactory nerve
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Question 30: Which dural venous sinus is indicated by the arrow?
- Correct Answer: Superior sagittal sinus
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Question 31: What is the first-line treatment for mild pain?
- Correct Answer: Paracetamol
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Question 32: What is NOT a properly paired statement about CT and MRI?
- Correct Answer: High difference in CT number - low resolution
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 7)
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Question 33: Which factors can increase the risk of acute bacterial meningitis?
- Correct Answer: Young age, Incomplete immunization status, and overcrowding
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Question 34: Which statement about headaches is FALSE?
- Correct Answer: Migraines are not an annual issue for children.
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Question 35: What type of headache is characterized as frequent, continuous mild, bilateral, and viscerally related?
- Correct Answer: Tension type headache
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Question 36: A 32-year-old women presents with recurring, severe headaches. What's the most likely diagnosis?
- Correct Answer: Migraine with aura
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 8)
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Question 37: How does the pineal gland develop?
- Correct Answer: Diverticulum of the caudal part of the roof of the diencephalon
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Question 38: Which structure contains trabeculae around which CSF flows?
- Correct Answer: Arachnoid mater
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Question 39: A 65-year-old woman presents with confusion and photophobia. What is the appropriate initial treatment (besides dexamethasone)?
- Correct Answer: Vancomycin and Ceftriaxone
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Question 40: Which of the following is NOT true?
- Correct Answer: Ion channel mutations can cause focal and generalized seizure disorders
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 9)
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Question 41: What is true about poliomyelitis?
- Correct Answer: It is caused by a virus, has multiple serotypes, and primarily targets striated muscle cells.
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Question 42: What are the primary laboratory tests for diagnosing tetanus?
- Correct Answer: Blood count and biochemistry
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Question 43: Which statement is NOT true regarding prion diseases?
- Correct Answer: The therapeutic use of cadaveric human growth hormone was discontinued after the determination of its prion disease causing effects
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Question 44: What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathies?
- Correct Answer: Diabetes mellitus
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 10)
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Question 45: A patient demonstrates demyelinating neuropathy in which type of pattern? What's the most likely diagnosis?
- Correct Answer: Multifocal acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy
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Question 46: What is amaurosis fugax?
- Correct Answer: Transient ischemic attack of the ophthalmic artery
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Question 47: A 65-year-old patient presents with right-sided hemiparesis what artery is affected?
- Correct Answer: Internal Carotid artery
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Question 48: What test can identify nonconvulsive status epilepticus?
- Correct Answer: EEG
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Question 49: Which drug treats both focal and generalized seizures?
- Correct Answer: Carbamazepine, Gabapentin or Levetiracetam
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Question 50: Which condition is NOT a cause of metabolic dementia?
- Correct Answer: B12 deficiency
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 11)
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Question 51: Concerning cluster headaches, which statement is true:
- Correct Answer: All of the listed phrases are correct
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Question 52: What investigation can diagnose myopathy?
- Correct Answer: Serum creatine kinase, electromiyography, muscle biopsy, and genetic test
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Question 53: A 33-year-old male with severe headache should undergo which test first?
- Correct Answer: Cranial MRI
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Question 54: What term describes the loss of taste?
- Correct Answer: Ageusia
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Question 55: Which phenomenon is linked to a growing pituitary tumor, obstructing the optic chiasm?
- Correct Answer: Bitemporal hemianopsia
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 12)
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Question 56: What premotor period sign is associated with Parkinson's disease?
- Correct Answer: Postural instability
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Question 57: What is FALSE concerning sleep and sleep disorders?
- Correct Answer: Non-REM sleep is under sympathetic control
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Question 58: What does not induce demyelination in the CNS?
- Correct Answer: Diabetic polyneuropathy
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Question 59: Which symptom is NOT typical of ALS?
- Correct Answer: Hypoesthesia
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Question 60: Which ASIA Impairment grade has sensory function below the neurological level and sacral sparing?
- Correct Answer: B
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 13)
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Question 61: Which statement regarding cerebral edema is NOT correct?
- Correct Answer: Steroid treatment is effective for vasogenic edema.
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Question 62: What pathological changes are associated with Huntington's Disease?
- Correct Answer: All listed except (Pallor in substantia nigra)
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Question 63: Which of the following is not associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
- Correct Answer: Frequently involves periventricular gray matter
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 14)
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Question 64: What is the response of neurons to ischemic injury?
- Correct Answer: Central chromatolysis
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Question 65: What microscopic findings are seen 10 days after a right hemisphere infarct in a 75-year-old man?
- Correct Answer: Macrophage infiltration, extensive hemorrhage, and newly formed blood vessels.
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Question 66: What is the most likely cause of infarcts seen in the basal ganglia of a 69-year-old stroke patient?
- Correct Answer: Lacunar infarct due to severe hypertension
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Question 67: Which statements regarding adult-type diffuse astrocytic tumors are correct (using the 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification)?
- Correct Answer: All but Grade 2 astrocytoma’s show necrosis or vascular proliferation and 1p19q co-deletion is the characteristic finding.
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 15)
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Question 68: Which statement about medulloblastomas is FALSE?
- Correct Answer: They are commonly disseminated via the CSF.
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Question 69: A 2-year-old male autopsy reveals fibrous exudates with white granules in the subarachnoid space. What additional test should be performed?
- Correct Answer: Immunochistochemistry testing for toxoplasma.
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Question 70: Which structure is a component of Arnold-Chiari malformation?
- Correct Answer: Diastematomyelia
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Question 71: A young male patient with rapidly progressing seizure, confusion and reflex asymmetry has what likely pathologic condition?
- Correct Answer: Herpes simplex virus
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Question 72: What is the name given to morphologic changes in a nerve's distal portion after transection?
- Correct Answer: Wallerian degeneration
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 16)
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Question 73: Antiepileptic drugs work to inhibit which channels?
- Correct Answer: Voltage-gated Na+ channels, Inhibitory effects of GABA, and Calcium channels
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Question 74: Which drug used in cognitive disorders does not interact with microsomal cytochrome enzymes?
- Correct Answer: Haloperidol
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Question 75: Which anesthetic would exacerbate broncho-irritating and laryngospasm in a 34-year-old male?
- Correct Answer: Isoflurane
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Question 76: Which local anesthetic is safe for a patient allergic to procaine?
- Correct Answer: Lidocaine
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 17)
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Question 77: What medication reduces pre-operative salivary gland secretions?
- Correct Answer: Anticholinergic drugs
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Question 78: Which drug type maintains skeletal muscle relaxation?
- Correct Answer: Neuromuscular blocking agents
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Question 79: What dopamine metabolism aspect is LEAST associated with oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease?
- Correct Answer: Levodopa, a dopamine precursor.
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Question 80: Which action is NOT provided by opioid agents?
- Correct Answer: Analgesic action is provided.
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Question 81: Which is NOT a G protein-coupled receptor?
- Correct Answer: M type multi acetylcholine receptors
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 18)
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Question 82: Which pathway in the basal ganglia has glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron interplay?
- Correct Answer: Indirect pathway
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Question 83: Which impairment according to ICF would be considered as a disability?
- Correct Answer: Inability to walk one block owing to chronic illness
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Question 84: Which of the following is NOT related to habituation?
- Correct Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy is NOT related to habituation.
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Question 85: What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
- Correct Answer: Planning sequences of movements is a function of the primary motor cortex
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 19)
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Question 86: An abnormal Babinski reflex indicates damage to which structure?
- Correct Answer: Brainstem
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Question 87: Which structure is critical for maintaining wakefulness via an ascending pathway?
- Correct Answer: Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
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Question 88: Where is temporary information stored?
- Correct Answer: Working memory and Short term memory are needed
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Question 89: Which spinal reflexes have inhibitory synapses?
- Correct Answer: Monosynaptic muscle stretch reflex, Golgi tendon reflex, and Pain reflex
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Question 90: Which type of interneuronal pathway is found in spinal reflexes?
- Correct Answer: Monosynaptic muscle stretch reflex
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 20)
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Question 91: Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding basal nuclei?
- Correct Answer: Basal nuclei receive information from extensive cortical veins
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Question 92: Which symptom is NOT indicative of cerebellum damage?
- Correct Answer: Resting tremor
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Question 93: Which statement regarding the cerebellum is INCORRECT?
- Correct Answer: Motor commands are initiated in the cerebellum.
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Question 94: What area is the first level of the motor hierarchy?
- Correct Answer: Primary motor cortex
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Question 95: Which statement regarding the motor cortex is NOT correct?
- Correct Answer: The so-called "mirror" neurons are in the primary motor cortex
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 21)
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Question 96: A 21-year-old shoemaker with symptoms of numbness and weakness in the lower extremities should initially be evaluated for?
- Correct Answer: Peripheral neuropathy
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Question 97: Which of the following is NOT a dementia prevention strategy?
- Correct Answer: Scanning the populations with computed tomography is not a proven dementia prevention strategy.
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Question 98: What is the initial imaging modality of choice for a patient with lung cancer and progressive headaches?
- Correct Answer: Noncontrast CT
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Question 99: Which condition does NOT require imaging in a patient experiencing acute lower back pain?
- Correct Answer: Symptoms of nerve involvements, like radiculopathy, are not necessarily directly related to imaging, and further diagnostics should be determined by the relevant physician and specialists.
Additional Anatomy Questions and Answers (Page 22)
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Question 100: What are the typical frequencies of delta and theta brain waves in EEG?
- Correct Answer: Delta (1-4 Hz); Theta (4-8 Hz)
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Question 101: What is a correct statement of the characteristics of a cerebellum tumor in a macroscopic sample?
- Correct Answer: Cerebellum-well-defined tumor is a correct option.
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Question 102: What is the microscopical appearance of a 5 year old child with 4cm sized cerebellum mass?
- Correct Answer: Pseudorosettes-medulloblastoma is the term for a type of brain tumor
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Description
This quiz focuses on key anatomical structures and neurological deficits relevant to the understanding of neuroanatomy. Test your knowledge on areas such as the sensory speech area and the pathways connecting major cortical regions. Perfect for students and professionals in health science and anatomy.