ClinPhys: Neurological System Parts 1 and 2

<p>Cranial Nerve XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ask the patient to stick out their tongue and move it side to side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve II</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve III</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve V</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vision (special sense)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optic foramen (canal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eye movements (somatic motor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special sensory information, somatic motor information, somatic sensory information, motor and sensory information to/from structures that we cannot control or perceive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By assessing the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hearing and balance (special senses)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whisper to patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing, sensation from the pharynx, part of the external ear, taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, innervation of a salivary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, parasympathetic input to visceral organs, sensation from visceral organs and some of the pharynx and external ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innervation of the tongue (somatic motor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe and temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heel to shin movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient loses balance and starts to fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventral horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sense muscle stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Basal Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Limbic Structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaying information from sensory receptors to the cortex and refining motor planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling the endocrine system, regulating temperature, activity of the autonomic nervous system, and fluid balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing information from receptors that sense joint position and movement, gravity and equilibrium, and adjusting movements formulated in the prefrontal cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hosting cranial nerve nuclei, serving as a pathway for sensory information into the brain and motor information out of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ventral horn contains mostly cell bodies of neurons that control skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dorsal columns are responsible for proprioception (joint/limb position), vibration sense, and fast pain fibers, which transmit sensory information to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motor plan is formed in the prefrontal cortex, then activated in the primary motor cortex. The axons travel through the brainstem and cross over to the opposite side. Finally, the primary motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord are activated, leading to skeletal muscle contraction or modification of reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proprioceptors provide important information about the position of joints, tension across joints, and tension in skeletal muscles. This information is essential for the proper functioning of the motor system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major anatomic structures of the central nervous system include the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components of the motor system include upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, and muscles. Upper motor neurons initiate and coordinate voluntary movements, while lower motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, causing them to contract. Muscles are responsible for generating movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components of the sensory system relevant to the motor system include sensory receptors, sensory neurons, and sensory pathways. Sensory receptors detect stimuli from the environment or within the body. Sensory neurons transmit signals from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Sensory pathways carry the sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tests used to evaluate the function of the cerebellum include finger-to-nose test, heel to shin movements, and assessment of gait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Romberg sign test is used to evaluate the function of the dorsal columns and sensory input from proprioceptors to the cerebellum and parietal cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pronator drift test is used to assess the function of the corticospinal tract, which can be damaged in various conditions like stroke, trauma, demyelinating diseases, and tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cerebral cortex is responsible for most of our 'higher functions' including formation, storage, and retrieval of memory, speech and language, abstract thinking, math, planning and executing plans, perception, and voluntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frontal lobe is responsible for simple movements, complex motor plans, motor aspects of speech, planning, abstract thinking, and social behavior. The parietal lobe is responsible for perception of touch, temperature, vibration, perception of limb position, memory, executive functions, and abstract reasoning. The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing, scent, taste, recognition of speech, and memory. The occipital lobe is responsible for vision and relating visual stimuli to 'actual things'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory formation requires attention and structures that 'process' and form new memories. Attention is regulated by the prefrontal lobe. Memory 'processors' are the structures of the limbic lobe below the temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Memories tend to be stored in the cortex 'close to' the sensation they're associated with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most neuronal cell bodies reside in the central nervous system (CNS). However, there are a few exceptions such as the dorsal root ganglia, which contain neuronal cell bodies for the axons that bring most sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS, autonomic ganglia that help regulate the activities of the autonomic nervous system, and enteric ganglia that help regulate the activity of the gut.</p> Signup and view all the answers