Questions and Answers
Which of the following cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Where are enteroendocrine cells primarily located in the stomach?
Near the bases of gastric glands
What substance do chief (zymogenic) cells primarily convert pepsinogen into?
Pepsin
Which type of cells produce gastrin in the pyloric region of the stomach?
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What is a primary function of the mucus produced by the glands in the cardiac region of the stomach?
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Which enzyme do chief (zymogenic) cells additionally produce besides pepsinogen?
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What is not found in the wall of the stomach?
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What condition can result from overproduction of serotonin by enteroendocrine cells?
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Which cells in the fundus and body of the stomach have a high rate of mitosis and can differentiate into other cell types?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Region
- The cardiac region is a transition zone between the esophagus and stomach, characterized by the presence of glands.
- Secretory cells in this region primarily produce mucus and lysozyme enzyme.
Fundus and Body
- Stem cells are present in this region, which have a high rate of mitosis.
- Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, including mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
- Mucous neck cells are located near parietal cells in the necks of gastric glands.
- Parietal (oxyntic) cells are round or pyramidal in shape, with a spherical central nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm.
- Parietal cells secrete HCl, KCl, electrolytes, and gastric intrinsic factor.
- Chief (zymogenic) cells are characterized by abundant RER and are basophilic.
- Chief cells contain pepsinogen, which they convert to pepsin, and also produce lipase enzyme.
- Enteroendocrine cells are found near the bases of gastric glands and contain many secretory granules.
- Enteroendocrine cells may secrete serotonin, and overproduction can lead to tumors called carcinoids.
- Goblet cells are absent in the stomach wall.
Pylorus
- The pylorus region contains pyloric glands.
- Gastrin (G) cells are present in the pylorus and produce gastrin hormone.
- Enteroendocrine cells (D cells) in the pylorus produce somatostatin, which inhibits the release of other hormones.
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