Anatomy and Physiology terminology
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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'cardi-' refer to in medical terminology?

  • Stomach
  • Heart (correct)
  • Liver
  • Kidney

Which of the following suffixes indicates inflammation?

  • -pathy
  • -ectomy
  • -oma
  • -itis (correct)

In the anatomical position, which direction does 'anterior' refer to?

  • Toward the midline
  • Toward the front (correct)
  • Toward the head
  • Toward the back

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?

<p>Transverse Plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of how body structures function called?

<p>Physiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for hematopoiesis?

<p>Skeletal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'homeostasis' refer to?

<p>Maintaining a stable internal environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes something located away from the midline of the body?

<p>Lateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in a homeostatic control mechanism?

<p>Stimulus produces a change in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a homeostatic control system detects changes in the body?

<p>Receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control center in maintaining homeostasis?

<p>To process information and decide on a response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an effector in temperature regulation?

<p>Sweat glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system protects the body from pathogens?

<p>Integumentary system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system provides structural support for the body?

<p>Skeletal system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system produces red blood cells?

<p>Skeletal System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system enables movement and maintains posture?

<p>Muscular system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system regulates blood pressure?

<p>Nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body?

<p>Cardiovascular system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

<p>Skull (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of joints in the skeletal system?

<p>To connect bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

<p>Cardiac muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the elbow?

<p>Hinge joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ligaments primarily composed of?

<p>Collagen fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for muscle pain?

<p>Myalgia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common type of arthritis?

<p>Osteoarthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system?

<p>Supporting the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?

<p>Producing hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is spongy bone typically found?

<p>In the middle of flat bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a muscle that assists the prime mover?

<p>Synergist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow?

<p>Biceps brachii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cells are responsible for breaking down bone?

<p>Osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the lateral curvature of the spine?

<p>Scoliosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the elbow?

<p>Triceps brachii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones of the fingers and toes?

<p>Phalanges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement is the orbicularis oris responsible for?

<p>Kissing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for shrugging the shoulders?

<p>Trapezius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a muscle of the rotator cuff?

<p>Supraspinatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

<p>To deliver substances to cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how often does blood circulate throughout the entire body?

<p>Every 30 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cells need to survive?

<p>Water, oxygen, and food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for mammals to maintain a stable body temperature?

<p>To allow proper organ function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main component of the circulatory system?

<p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

<p>Right Atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the heart?

<p>To pump blood throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Class Attendance

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Word Analysis

Breaking down medical terminology into roots, suffixes, and prefixes facilitates understanding.

Root in Medical Terms

The base part of a word that conveys its fundamental meaning.

Suffix in Medical Terms

The ending part of a word that modifies its meaning.

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Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes.

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Sagittal Plane

A body plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

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Directional Terms

Terms that describe the location of structures relative to other structures in the body.

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Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

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Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes limbs and girdles.

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Function of Joints

Joints hold bones together and allow for mobility.

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Ball-and-Socket Joint

A joint that allows for rotational movement, like shoulder and hip joints.

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Ligaments

Fibrous tissues connecting bones, providing stability.

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Osteoarthritis

The most common chronic arthritis causing joint inflammation due to damage.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks joint tissues.

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Compact Bone

Dense, organized bone tissue providing strength and support.

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Spongy Bone

Lightweight bone tissue found at the ends of long bones.

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Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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Stimulus

A change that produces a physical response in the body.

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Receptor

Detects changes in the environment.

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Input

Information sent to the control center via afferent pathways.

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Control Center

Processes information and decides on a response.

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Output

Signals sent to an effector via efferent pathways.

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Effector

Produces a response to maintain balance in the body.

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Integumentary System

Protects the body and regulates temperature.

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Skeletal System

Supports the body, protects organs, and produces blood cells.

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Muscular System

Maintains posture and enables movement.

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Types of Muscle Tissue

There are three types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

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Cardiac Muscle

Muscle found in the heart, striated, involuntary, and controlled by autonomic nervous system.

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Skeletal Muscle

Muscle connected to bones, striated, voluntary, and under somatic nervous system control.

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Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in walls of hollow organs, non-striated, and spindle-shaped.

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Muscle Attachment Points

Muscles attach via origin (fixed point) and insertion (moving point) for movement.

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Muscle Strain

Muscle pain resulting from injury, overuse, or stress, common in sports activities.

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Tendinopathy Causes

Tendinopathy can arise from intrinsic and extrinsic factors like overuse and training errors.

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Muscle Damage Grades

Muscle damage is classified into three grades: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe).

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Eccentric Contraction

Muscle lengthens under tension, often used to slow down movements.

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Antagonist Muscle

Muscle that opposes the action of another muscle, called the agonist.

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Cardiovascular System

The system that circulates blood, delivering nutrients and removing waste.

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Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Delivers substances to cells, carries waste away, and regulates temperature.

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Heart Structure

The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

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Heartbeat Process

Sequence of contraction and relaxation that pumps blood through the heart.

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Left Ventricle Function

Pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the entire body.

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Right Ventricle Function

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

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Blood Circulation Time

Blood circulates through the body every 30 seconds.

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Description

Test your knowledge of basic anatomy and physiology terminology. This quiz covers prefixes, suffixes, anatomical positions, planes, organ systems, and homeostasis. Perfect for students learning about the human body.

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