Anatomy: Skeletal System & Medical Terminology

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Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Protecting internal organs
Providing shape and support to the body
Facilitating digestion (correct)
Enabling movement

What are the main components of the skeletal system?

Bones, cartilage, joints, and marrow (correct)
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and marrow
Bones, muscles, tendons, and joints
Bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments

What is the primary function of osteoblasts within bone tissue?

Breaking down old bone tissue
Storing fat within the medullary cavity
Transporting nutrients to bone cells
Maintaining bone structure and promoting bone regeneration (correct)

Where is articular cartilage typically found, and what is its primary function?

Lining the surface of joints, reducing friction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for rotation, as seen in the neck?

Pivot joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red bone marrow?

Producing red blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Compact bone and spongy bone differ in which key aspect?

Their structural organization (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the skeletal and muscular systems coordinate to produce movement?

Muscles pull on bones, causing movement at joints. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Besides support, what other crucial function does the skeletal system perform in conjunction with the circulatory system?

Producing red blood cells for circulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do osteoclasts play in maintaining bone health?

They break down old bone tissue to facilitate remodeling. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with gastritis. Based on your understanding of medical terminology, which part of the body is affected by this condition?

Stomach (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following directional terms best describes the relationship between the elbow and the wrist?

The elbow is proximal to the wrist. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of prefixes exhibit an OPPOSITE relationship?

Supra- and Sub- (B) Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon needs to remove a tumor (`-oma`) from the kidney. Using your knowledge of medical roots and suffixes, what term would MOST accurately describe this procedure?

Nephrectomy (D) Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what is the equivalent of 'anterior', referring to the front of the body?

Ventral (A) Signup and view all the answers

Damage to which organ system would MOST directly affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Respiratory System (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a doctor orders a 'hematology' test, which aspect of the human body will be analyzed?

The composition of the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which plane would divide the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Coronal Plane (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence represents the correct order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Atom → Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is MOST closely associated with hematopoiesis?

Skeletal System (D) Signup and view all the answers

A recreation therapist aims to improve clients' lives through recreational activities. How does knowledge of anatomy and physiology (A&P) directly support this goal?

It enables therapists to design activities that are precisely tailored to clients' physical capabilities and limitations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of recreation therapy, why is understanding the difference between normal and abnormal physiological functions crucial?

It enables therapists to identify when a client's response to an activity might indicate a health problem. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can regular class attendance enhance a student's understanding and performance in an Anatomy & Physiology (A&P) course?

Lectures often cover additional information and insights not found in the textbook that may be included in assessments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how word analysis supports the learning of medical terminology?

Word analysis is a technique used to understand new terms by breaking them into their component parts, such as prefixes, roots, and suffixes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If 'osteo-' refers to bone, and '-itis' refers to inflammation, what does 'osteitis' likely mean?

Inflammation of the bone. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A recreation therapist is working with a client who has limited mobility due to arthritis. Considering the principles of anatomy and physiology, how should the therapist approach designing a suitable recreational activity?

Design activities that minimize stress on affected joints while promoting gentle movement and muscle strengthening. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is attending class regularly considered beneficial even though it is not mandatory?

The material presented might have additional insights not available in the textbook which might be tested. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If 'cardio-' refers to the heart, and '-megaly' refers to enlargement, what condition is indicated by 'cardiomegaly', and what might be one potential implication for a recreation therapist?

'Cardiomegaly' indicates an enlarged heart; thus the recreation therapist might need to monitor the clients vitals more closely during physical activity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a Grade 2 muscle strain. Which of the following best describes the severity of this injury?

Moderate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of eccentric muscle contraction?

The muscle lengthens under tension. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a bicep curl exercise, what role does the biceps brachii play?

Prime Mover / Agonist (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the triceps brachii muscle?

Elbow extension (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Muscular Dystrophy?

It leads to progressive muscle weakness. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of an antagonist muscle?

To oppose the action of the prime mover. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and loss of motor control, and is diagnosed with ALS. What is the underlying cause of these symptoms?

Degeneration of motor neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RICE stand for in the treatment of muscle injuries?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Isometric contraction is characterized by which of the following?

No change in muscle length (B) Signup and view all the answers

During intense exercise, skeletal muscle contractions aid venous return. How does this mechanism, known as the skeletal pump, function to maintain circulation?

Skeletal muscles compress veins, and valves prevent backflow of blood, directing it towards the heart. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's blood pressure is consistently measured at 140/90 mmHg, how would a healthcare professional interpret this reading in the context of normal blood pressure values?

The patient has elevated blood pressure (hypertension). (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with anemia, which blood component is primarily deficient, and how does this deficiency impact the body's function?

Erythrocytes; reduces the blood's capacity to transport oxygen. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How would you explain the functional cooperation between the right and left ventricles in the context of the heart's role as a double pump?

The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a toxin disrupted the function of the lymphatic vessels, what would be the most likely physiological consequence?

Impaired immune response and fluid imbalance in tissues. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During a heart examination, a doctor hears an unusual sound between the 'lub' and 'dub' sounds. Which of the following could be a plausible explanation for this?

The atrioventricular valves are not closing properly. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How would the heart rate and blood pressure respond during a stressful situation, like narrowly avoiding a car accident, and what mechanisms facilitate these changes?

Heart rate increases, and blood vessels constrict to increase blood flow to muscles. (E) Signup and view all the answers

Recreation Therapy

A profession focused on helping individuals enhance their lives through recreational activities.

Learning Outcomes

Objectives that outline what students are expected to learn from a course.