Anatomy and Physiology I Quiz #1

Questions and Answers

What is Anatomy?

The science of body structures and the relationships among them.

What is Physiology?

The science of body functions.

What does Embryology study?

The study of the first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.

What is Developmental Biology?

The study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization to death. Signup and view all the answers

What is Cytology?

The study of cell structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is Surface Anatomy?

The study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Gross Anatomy?

The study of structures that can be examined without a microscope. Signup and view all the answers

What does Systematic Anatomy focus on?

The study of the structure of specific systems of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is Regional Anatomy?

The study of specific regions of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is Radiographic Anatomy?

The study of body structures that can be visualized with x-rays. Signup and view all the answers

What is Histology?

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What does Pathology study?

The study of structural changes associated with disease. Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of structural organization? (Select all that apply)

Cellular Signup and view all the answers

What is a Cell?

Basic functional and structural unit of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

What is Tissue?

Group of similar cells having a similar embryonic origin. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Organ?

Structures of 2 or more different tissues with a specific function. Signup and view all the answers

What is a System?

Related organs with a common function. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Body systems? (Select all that apply)

Cardiovascular Signup and view all the answers

What is the Function of the skeletal system?

Body support, body movement, blood cell formation, mineral storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is Yellow marrow?

Fat and mineral storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is Red marrow?

Blood cell formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Function of the muscular system?

Body movement, posture, heat production, protein stores. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood clotting, temperature regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Function of the nervous system?

Regulates body movement, senses, secretes chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Function of the respiratory system?

Transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood pH balance. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nomina Anatomica?

Vocabulary of anatomy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Anatomical (Reference) Position?

Head staring straight forward Signup and view all the answers

What does the Medial (sagittal) plane do?

Divides the body into a left and right half. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Midsagittal plane do?

Divides the body into symmetric halves. Signup and view all the answers

What does Para-sagittal do?

Divides the body into unequal halves. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Frontal (coronal) plane do?

Divides the body into a front and back. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Horizontal (transverse) plane do?

Divides the body into a top and bottom. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Oblique (diagonal) plane?

A transverse plane that has been tilted. Signup and view all the answers

What does Superior mean?

Top or above. Signup and view all the answers

What does Inferior mean?

Bottom or below. Signup and view all the answers

What does Anterior (ventral) mean?

Front or in front. Signup and view all the answers

What does Posterior (dorsal) mean?

Back or behind. Signup and view all the answers

What does Medial mean?

Inside or closer to the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What does Lateral mean?

Outside or further from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What does Intermediate mean?

Between. Signup and view all the answers

What does Ipsilateral mean?

Same side as. Signup and view all the answers

What does Contralateral mean?

Opposing side as. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bilateral mean?

Same side. Signup and view all the answers

What does Proximal mean?

Close to the origin or core of body. Signup and view all the answers

What does Distal mean?

Further from the origin or core of body. Signup and view all the answers

What does Superficial (external) mean?

Close to the surface. Signup and view all the answers

What does Deep (internal) mean?

Away from the surface. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

Anatomy studies body structures and their relationships.
Physiology focuses on the functions of these body structures.

Subfields of Study

Embryology: Analyzes the first eight weeks of human development post-fertilization.
Developmental Biology: Examines complete development from fertilization to death.
Cytology: Investigates cell structures.
Surface Anatomy: Examines surface markings for understanding internal structures.
Gross Anatomy: Studies large structures without a microscope.
Systematic Anatomy: Investigates structures of specific body systems.
Regional Anatomy: Focuses on specific body regions.
Radiographic Anatomy: Utilizes x-rays to visualize body structures.
Histology: Looks at microscopic tissue structures.
Pathology: Studies structural changes caused by disease.

Levels of Structural Organization

Chemical Level: Atoms and molecules.
Cellular Level: Basic unit of life.
Tissue Level: Groups of similar cells from the same origin.
Organ Level: Two or more tissue types forming a specific function.
System Level: Groups of related organs working together.

Body Systems

Includes integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic, nervous, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Functionality of Major Systems

Skeletal System: Provides support, facilitates movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.
Muscular System: Enables body movement, maintains posture, produces heat, and stores proteins.
Cardiovascular System: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, aids in blood clotting, and regulates temperature.
Nervous System: Regulates movements, processes sensations, and secretes chemicals.
Respiratory System: Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide and maintains blood pH balance.

Bone Marrow Types

Yellow Marrow: Stores fat and minerals.
Red Marrow: Responsible for blood cell production.

Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Position: Standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, head forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward.
Planes of the Body:
- Medial Plane: Divides the body into left and right sections.
- Midsagittal Plane: Divides the body into symmetric left and right halves.
- Para-sagittal: Divides into unequal left and right sections.
- Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides body into front and back.
- Horizontal (Transverse) Plane: Splits the body into top and bottom.
- Oblique Plane: A tilted transverse plane.

Directional Terminology

Superior: Above or top.
Inferior: Below or bottom.
Anterior (Ventral): Front.
Posterior (Dorsal): Back.
Medial: Closer to the midline.
Lateral: Further from the midline.
Intermediate: Between two structures.
Ipsilateral: On the same side.
Contralateral: On the opposite side.
Bilateral: Relating to both sides.
Proximal: Nearer to the body core.
Distal: Further from the body core.
Superficial (External): Closer to the surface.
Deep (Internal): Further from the surface.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in Anatomy and Physiology, focusing on essential terminologies such as Anatomy, Physiology, Embryology, and Developmental Biology. It's designed for students in an introductory course, helping them reinforce their understanding of body structures and functions.