World Agriculture Structure PDF

World Agriculture Structure An Sci 101 Eric Ronk Learning objectives Explain the process of adaptation List the five major categories of environmental stressors and tell how animals react to them Describe the climatic environments of the world Explain how social and cultural differences...

World Agriculture Structure An Sci 101 Eric Ronk Learning objectives Explain the process of adaptation List the five major categories of environmental stressors and tell how animals react to them Describe the climatic environments of the world Explain how social and cultural differences affect agriculture Factors affecting world ag. structure Adaptation: the sum of changes an animal makes in response to environmental stimuli The stresses of the natural and/or artificial environment 1. Climatic stress a) Climate vs weather, direct vs indirect effects 2. Nutritional stress a) Quantity and quality of feed (soil type, fertility etc.) 3. Internal stress a) Individual animal - entrance into body (pathogen and toxin) 4. Geographical stress a) Terrain, high altitude (snow, sand, swamp etc.) 5. Social stress a) Animals (predator/prey) and humans (flight zone) *Humans created artificial environments Adaptive changes Adjustments in an individual animal to help them adapt to specific environments Morphological or anatomical changes (structure) Examples: differences in color or body parts (horns or humps, thicker wool in winter) Physiological changes Biochemistry changes – blood (internal change) Behavioral changes Genetically induced behaviors or learned responses of the animal to the environment Climatic environments of the world Tropical climates Regions Lengths of rainy season Extreme heat, diseases Deserts Tropical rain forest 11 months or more Limited rain, heat, wind Humid tropics 7 -11 months Cold environments Semihumid tropics 4.5 – 7 months Reindeer, caribou Semiarid tropics 2 – 4.5 months Semidesert to desert 0 – 2 months Temperate climates Generally most productive Developed countries Transhumance Nomadism Social and cultural differences Animal rights movement The five freedoms for animals Hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain/injury/disease, express normal behavior, fear and distress Religion Islam – forbids contact with swine Judaism – considers pork unclean and forbids its consumption Kosher food inspection was in place before modern food inspection Hinduism – cows are protected and cannot be slaughtered (India) Taboo – a prohibition imposed by social custom against some action or object (frequently part of religious code) Levels of agricultural development Developed agriculture Small portion of total population (