Wk 3 - History of Transportation and Travel Evolution Era.docx.pdf

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Hospitality and Institutional Management ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT SERVICES COURSE MODULE WEEK / SESSION History of Tr...

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Hospitality and Institutional Management ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT SERVICES COURSE MODULE WEEK / SESSION History of Transportation and Travel 3 Evolution Era Session Goals □ Read and understand week discussion sheet □ Read required reading materials and view added supplementary videos □ Participate in synchronous discussion □ Participate in canvas discussion board □ Accomplish and submit necessary session assessments and tasks Course Outcomes At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to: 1. Discuss the brief history of transportation. 2. Enumerate the different era in the evolution of travel and transportation 3. Appreciate the importance of transportation in the tourism industry. Discussion Sheet History of Transportation Ancient Transportation ▪ Prehistoric ages - man learned to live in groups and traveled extensively in search of food and shelter. The prehistoric transportation mostly consisted of walking and swimming ▪ Donkeys and horses were probably domesticated between 4,000 and 3,000 BC. Camels were domesticated slightly later between 3,000 and 2,000 BC. ▪ About 3,500 BC the wheel was invented in Iraq. At first, wheels were made of solid pieces of wood lashed together to form a circle but after 2,000 BC they were made with spokes. ▪ About 3,100 BC the Egyptians invented the sailing boat. ▪ About 2,700 BC the Egyptians began using wooden ships for trade by sea. Early ships were steered by a long oar. Roman Transportation ▪ The Romans are famous for the network of roads they built across the Empire. Roman legionaries built them so the Roman army could march from one part of the empire to another quickly ▪ Rich people traveled by horse or on long journeys by covered wagon ▪ Transport by water was also important to the Romans. They built large merchant ships called cortia, 11th and 12th Century ▪ Compass - first used by Chinese sailors around 1100 A.D., the compass made navigating ships and traveling long distances much more reliable and safe. ▪ By12th century, Romans learned how to use it 14th Century ▪ The Caravel: This type of sailing ship was used by Spanish and Portuguese explorers and traders during their voyages of discovery. From Columbus’ first voyage in 1492, the caravel was popular due to its speed. 15th to 16th Century ▪ Circumnavigation - As better ships and maps were developed, European explorers embarked on longer voyages. The first known expedition to successfully sail around the world was led by Ferdinand Magellan (1519 -1522) ▪ The first turnpike roads open. Turnpikes are privately owned and maintained but you have to pay to use them. 17th to 18th Century ▪ In 1759 the Duke of Bridgewater decided to build a canal to bring coal from his estate at Worsley to Manchester. He employed an engineer called James Brindley. When it was completed the Bridgewater canal halved the price of coal in Manchester. Many more canals were dug in the late 18th century and the early 19th century. ▪ Meanwhile in France the Montgolfier brothers invented the hot air balloon in 1783. The hydrogen balloon was also invented in 1783. In 1785 two men, Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries flew over the English Channel in a hydrogen balloon. 19th Century ▪ 1825: The Stockton and Darlington Railway opens in England, the world’s first passenger railway. ▪ The first underground railway in Britain was built in London in 1863. The carriages were pulled by steam trains. The first electric underground trains began running in London in 1890. ▪ 1869: The first transcontinental railway is completed in America. ▪ Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler made the first cars in 1885 and 1886. The motorbike was patented in 1885. Also in the 1880s, the safety bicycle was invented and cycling soon became a popular hobby. ▪ Paris Metro opened in 1900. Transportation in the 20th Century Transportation greatly improved during the 20th century. Although the first cars appeared at the end of the 19th century after the First World War they became cheaper and more common. Aircraft and space ships are also some of the defining technologies of the twentieth century. ▪ 1903: The Wright Brothers conduct the world’s very first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Aircraft did not become widely available until the First World War when aircraft were used for espionage, attacks and other military purposes. ▪ 1908: The first Model T Ford automobile is built-in Detroit, Michigan. Various automobiles and cars had been built before 1908, but Ford is generally credited with successfully producing affordable cars in large numbers. ▪ In 1919 planes began carrying passengers between London and Paris. (The first plane flight in Britain was made in 1908). The first passenger jet service began in 1952. ▪ 1927: Pilot Charles A. Lindbergh completes the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight from America. He covered a distance of more than 3,600 miles in only 33 hours. ▪ 1961: Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human being to reach space in the Vostok 1 spacecraft. The first American in space, Alan Shepard, went into space later in 1961. ▪ The Boeing 747, the first 'Jumbo jet' was introduced in 1970 and The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994. Transportation in the 21st Century The next step in transport will probably be commercial suborbital space flight. At the moment it is still in the future and at first it will inevitably be very expensive but it will eventually become cheap enough for ordinary people to afford.  Travel Evolution Era Pre-Industrial Travel System Era ▪ It was the era of stagecoach and the wayside inns ▪ Only few people had the money and the reason to travel ▪ There were few common carriers and almost no regularly – scheduled transportation services Early Industrial Travel System Era ▪ The era of steam ships ▪ Road improvements such as railways, canals, and steamship services were brought about due to rapid industrialization and advances in transportation technology ▪ Common carriers came into existence and began to offer regularly – scheduled transportation services ▪ Travel increased because more people who had money traveled Mature Railway System Era ▪ This era was characterized by railway which expanded their operations by running hotels and providing other travel- related services ▪ The railways began to market their services more aggressively ▪ Travel agencies and tour companies were formed Express Travel System Era ▪ Express services increased ▪ Trains and other forms of transportation did not stop at every station or terminal but only at the major ones Automobile-Based Travel System Era ▪ This influence of the privately- owned automobile was enhanced in North America and Europe from the 1920’s onward ▪ Car ownership boomed in North America ▪ Motorways, interstate highways, and other truck highways were developed Modern Tourism Travel System Era ▪ The period from 1945-1974 is known as the modern tourism travel system era ▪ Car ownership continued to grow ▪ Mass air travel was another post World War II occurrence ▪ The introduction of wide-bodied jets in 1970 greatly increased air travel Post Mobility Adjustment Era ▪ This era began in 1973-1974 as a result of the oil embargo generated by OPEC and the resulting increase in fuel prices ▪ The events of the energy crisis basically changed the travel patterns throughout the world Present Era The present era is one in which travelers continue to look to alternative, group – oriented modes of transportation