Intelligence Lecture Notes PDF

What is Intelligence Anyway? Chapter 8 Week 8, Lecture 1 February 26, 2024 1 Assignment 3: Science reflection assignment on IQ is due this week Wednesday February 28th (+48 hour grace period) 2 Theories of Intelligence: Charles Spearman One’s ability to adapt to the world in which one lives in (Ster...

What is Intelligence Anyway? Chapter 8 Week 8, Lecture 1 February 26, 2024 1 Assignment 3: Science reflection assignment on IQ is due this week Wednesday February 28th (+48 hour grace period) 2 Theories of Intelligence: Charles Spearman One’s ability to adapt to the world in which one lives in (Sternberg, 2021) General Intelligence (g factor; Spearman): intelligence is general cognitive ability 3 Theories of Intelligence: Primary mental abilities (Thurstone, 1938): several abilities that are independent of one another that make up intelligence Horn and Cattell: Crystallized intelligence: one’s knowledge base, acquired through experience, education, and living in a particular culture Fluid intelligence: underlying capacity to make connections among ideas and draw inferences 4 Theories of Intelligence Multiple Intelligences (Garner, 1993) ability to solve problems or create culturally valued products Proposes eight independent kinds of intelligence Unique patterns of intellectual strengths and weaknesses Verbal-linguistic intelligence Logical-mathematical intelligence Spatial intelligence Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence Musical intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Naturalistic intelligence 5 6 Theories of Intelligence Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 2005, 2013) Intelligence is a set of mental abilities that permits individuals to adapt to any context and to select and modify the sociocultural contexts in which they live and behave. Three forms of intelligence: Analytical, Creative, and Practical 7 Theories of Intelligence Traditional IQ tests measure analytical ability. May underestimate intellectual strengths of some children The Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT test) Triarchic theory facilitates defining intelligent behavior by culture and context. Intelligence as a socially and culturally defined construct Analytic, creative, and practical intelligence are recognized across cultures. 8 Theories of Intelligence Information professing theory: Attention, working memory and processing speed underlie cognitive tasks including intelligence tests. Working memory and visuo-spatial short term memory are associated with IQ Current IQ tests include measures of working memory, short term memory, attention and processing speed. 9 How do we assess IQ? 10 Psychometric Approach to Intelligence Binet and Simon: first intelligence test in France Terman: Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale Measures five cognitive abilities in both non-verbal and verbal formats: knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual–spatial processing, working memory, fluid reasoning Intelligence quotient (IQ): IQ = mental age/chronological age × 100 E.g. 10/10 x 100 = 100 Eg., 10/8 x 100 = 125 11 Psychometric Approach to Intelligence IQ score represents how well a person does relative to a large group of people of the same age – the norm group Normal Distribution: most people score close to the mean score with few people scoring extremely high or low 12 Psychometric Approach to Intelligence Wechsler scales of IQ for all ages: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS - IV): ages 16-90:11 years Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V): ages: 6-16:11 years Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV): ages 2:6 – 7:7 years 13 Matrix Reasoning from WPPSI An assessment of fluid reasoning 14 15 16 17 18 19 Receptive Vocabulary from WPPSI 20