week4_lect2_sensorimotor_jan31.pdf

Cognitive Change: CognitiveDevelopmental and Sociocultural Approaches Chapter 6 Week 4, Lecture 2, January 31, 2024 1 Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Perspective children as active explorers who learn by interacting with the world Schema: concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting on the world 2 Proc...

Cognitive Change: CognitiveDevelopmental and Sociocultural Approaches Chapter 6 Week 4, Lecture 2, January 31, 2024 1 Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Perspective children as active explorers who learn by interacting with the world Schema: concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting on the world 2 Processes of Development Assimilation: integrating a new experience into a preexisting schema Accommodation: modifying a schema in light of new information Cognitive equilibrium: balance between assimilation and accommodation 3 Infancy: Sensorimotor Stage Birth to about 2 years Learn about world through senses and motor skills Mental Representation: thinking about an object using mental pictures Not present in sensorimotor stage Six substages 5 Infancy: Sensorimotor Substages Substage 1: Reflexes Use reflexes to react to stimuli Substage 2: Primary circular reactions Circular reactions: repetition of an action and its response Primary circular reactions: repeating actions involving body parts that produce pleasurable or interesting results 6 Infancy: Sensorimotor Substages Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions Secondary circular reactions: repetitions of actions that trigger responses in external environment Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions Purposefully coordinate two secondary circular reactions and apply them in new situations to achieve a goal Object permanence: understanding the objects continue to exist outside of sensory awareness 7 Infant demonstrating object permanence Infancy: Sensorimotor Substages Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions (12–18 months) Tertiary circular reactions: active, purposeful, trial-and-error exploration to search for new discoveries Substage 6: Mental representation (18–24 months) Representational thought: ability to use symbols such as words and mental pictures to represent objects and actions in memory 9 Evaluating Piaget’s Sensorimotor Reasoning Stage Infancy: Sensorimotor Reasoning Violation-of-Expectation Tasks Task in which a stimulus appears to violate physical laws 11 Infancy: Sensorimotor Reasoning A-Not-B Tasks A-not-B error: when infants are able to uncover a toy hidden behind a barrier yet when they observe the toy moved from behind one barrier (A) to another (B), they look for toy in first place it was hidden 12 A-not-B Error Demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jW668F7HdA Core Knowledge Perspective as an Alternative Theory Infants are born with several innate knowledge systems or core domains of thought that enable early rapid learning and adaptation 14