Week 11 Lecture 2: Empirical Article PDF

Thinking and Knowing: How to find and read scientific literature March 20, 2024 Week 11, Lecture 1 Adult Attachment Childhood attachment predicts internal working models and relationship quality in early adulthood. Four types of adult attachments: Based on attachment anxiety and avoidance (1) Secure...

Thinking and Knowing: How to find and read scientific literature March 20, 2024 Week 11, Lecture 1 Adult Attachment Childhood attachment predicts internal working models and relationship quality in early adulthood. Four types of adult attachments: Based on attachment anxiety and avoidance (1) Secure, (2) anxious, (3) avoidant, and (4) disorganized Adult attachment influences parenting behaviors. 2 Types of articles Empirical articles Review articles Theoretical articles Commentaries Meta-analysis Goal: critically summarize what’s converging across studies and discuss open questions Goal: Propose a new theory. Empirical articles Main Introduction Experiment Methods Participants What the participants saw or heard. Materials Procedure Results General Discussion What the participants were asked to do. The order in which steps occurred. Empirical articles Main Introduction Experiment Methods Participants Materials Procedure Results General Discussion Results in words, numbers, statistics Figures or tables Multi-experiment paper An empirical paper with multiple experiments. Pretty common in psychology. Subsequent experiments: Address alternative explanations Extend the main results to another population, paradigm, etc. Each individual experiment usually follows the introduction + methods + results + discussion structure Introduction of individual experiment tells you “why”, logic of study design Multi-experiment papers Main Introduction Experiment 1 Experiment 2 … Introduction Participants Methods (Same structure)... Stimuli Procedure Results and Discussion General Discussion 8 9 Example of Review Paper 10 Example of Empirical Article 11 Three important elements 1. The primary question of the article 2. The claim in response to the question 3. How the data support the primary claim How to read a journal article? What’s your purpose of reading the article? Course reading? Reading to write a paper? Reading a journal article linearly is ineffective. Be ready to go back and forth. Hourglass of research articles Nonlinear reading: Locating details Locate the important details in a paper Main question is usually in the last one to two paragraphs in the main introduction, or sometimes under “The present study” sub-heading Key words and phrases that will give you a clue This study examined / explored / investigated We hypothesized that Nonlinear reading: Dissecting a paper in steps. First reading: Get the general idea of the paper. Have a purpose / question in mind Read the title, headings and sub-headings Second, third, fourth, etc, reading: Details of the experiment. Interpretations of the results. Do the results support what the authors claim? Why or why not? Implications of the results? Write notes on the margin. Try not to highlight too much. What do we already know about this topic? What is the primary question of this article? Empirical articles Main Introduction What are the independent variables (what was manipulated)? What are the dependent variables (what was measured)? Experiment Methods Participants Materials Procedure Results General Discussion Who did they study? What did participants see? What did participants do? What are the findings? How do the data support the claim? What is the answer to the primary question? How to search for papers Online Databases: Google Scholar PsycINFO (Psychology Studies) ERIC (Education Related Studies) PubMed (Medical & Neuroscience Studies) 18 19 19 20 20 21 21