Week 4 - Water Resources and Hydropower Energy.pdf

Water Resources STEM – Earth Science 1 Lesson Outline 2 Lesson Outline Distribution of Water Resources Water Volume in Different Water Bodies A Look Back to Hydrologic Cycle Availability of Water Resources Water Footprints Amount of Wat...

Water Resources STEM – Earth Science 1 Lesson Outline 2 Lesson Outline Distribution of Water Resources Water Volume in Different Water Bodies A Look Back to Hydrologic Cycle Availability of Water Resources Water Footprints Amount of Water in Surface and Underground Dams and Hydropower Plant Dams as Water Supply Storage Types of Hydropower Plant Advantages of Hydropower Plants 3 Distribution of Water Resources Water Volume in Different Water Bodies A Look Back to Hydrologic Cycle 4 Water Volume in Different Water Bodies 97.5% of Earth's water, nearly all of it, is in the Earth’s oceans. 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh water, water with low concentrations of salts. Most freshwater is found as ice 0.4% of Earth’s water that is freshwater that humans can easily use. 5 A Look Back In Hydrologic Cycle The world’s water exists naturally in different forms and locations: in the air, on the surface, below the ground and in the oceans. 6 Availability of Water Resources Water Footprints Amount of Water in Surface and Underground 7 Water Footprint The three water footprints: Green water footprint is water from precipitation that is stored in the root zone of the soil and evaporated, transpired or incorporated by plants. Blue water footprint is water that has been sourced from surface or groundwater resources and is either evaporated, incorporated into a product or taken from one body of water and returned to another, or returned at a different time. Grey water footprint is the amount of fresh water required to assimilate pollutants to meet specific water quality standards. 8 Amount of Water in Surface and Underground Freshwater in Earth’s Surface Surface waters, including lakes, ponds, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands hold only a small volume of the Earth’s total fresh water (0.3%) Lakes contain by far the largest amount of fresh surface water. Wetlands, including swamps, bogs, marshes, and lagoons, cover 6% of the world’s land surface and play a critical role in the conservation of water resources 9 Amount of Water in Surface and Underground Freshwater in Groundwater Ninety-six percent of liquid fresh water can be found underground. Groundwater feeds springs and streams, supports wetlands, helps keep land surfaces stable, and is a critical water resource. About 60% of the water that is taken from the ground is used for farming in arid and semi-arid climates, and between 25% and 40% of the world’s drinking water comes from underground. 10 Dams and Hydropower Plant Dams as Water Supply Storage Types of Hydropower Plant Advantages of Hydropower Plants 11 Dams as Water Supply Storage The following are the intended purpose of making a dam: Having a water reservoir ready for human consumption. Regulating the stream flow/flooding within the area. As it is usually designed along with hydropower plant, it generates electricity for human consumption. 12 Types of Hydropower Plant The image shows the basic parts of a dam and a hydropower plant. There are Three (3) Types of Hydropower Plant Impoundment Diversion Pumped Storage 13 Advantages of Hydropower Plants Being a renewable resource is one of the advantages of hydropower plants. Other advantages can be, but not limited to, as follow: Fast recovery of resources and maximum energy capacity rate. Extremely efficient with 90% mechanical energy of stream generated as electricity. Low-cost maintenance 14 “ Thousand have lived without love, but one without water... - W. H. Auden 15 THANK YOU 16 References 17 References Carlson, D.H., Carlson, Plummer, C.C., and Hammersley, L., 2011. Physical Geology: Earth Revealed. McGraw-Hill. 645 p. Junine, J.I., 2013. Earth Evolution of a Habitable World. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 304 p. Kirkland, K. 2010. Earth Science: notable research and discoveries. Facts on File, Inc., 212 p. Lutgens, F.K., Tarbuck, E.J. and Tassa, D., 2013. Essentials of Geology. 11th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, 554 p. Tarbuck, E.J. and Lutgens, F.K., 2008. Earth – An Introduction to Physical Geology. 9th Edition Pearson Prentice Hall, 703 p. Desonie, D., 2015. CK-12 Earth Science High School. http:// www.ck12.org/earth-science/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1139/pdf/part2.pdf http://www.unwater.org/publications/publications-detail/en/c/396246/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fvkzjt3b-dU 18