Water Resources Engineering in the Philippines PDF

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERIN G h  WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Water Resources Engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the assessment, development, and management of water systems. It includes designing systems for water distribution, flood preve...

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERIN G h  WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Water Resources Engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the assessment, development, and management of water systems. It includes designing systems for water distribution, flood prevention, irrigation, and hydropower generation. Engineers in this field also focus on protecting water ecosystems and ensuring sustainable water use. KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERS o Designing and managing water infrastructure such as dams, canals, and water treatment plant o Developing efficient irrigation systems for agriculture. o Implementing flood control systems to protect communities. o Monitoring water quality to ensure safety and compliance. o Using GIS and remote sensing for efficient water management.  WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines relies heavily on water resources engineering to handle difficult problems influenced by its location, climate, and socioeconomic circumstances. The nation, an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands, is extremely exposed to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, unpredictable weather patterns, and frequent natural disasters like typhoons and droughts. This field develops infrastructure such as irrigation systems, dams, and flood control to enable sustainable water management. Likewise it encourages cooperation between communities, legislators, and engineers in order to protect water resources, increase disaster preparedness, and guarantee water availability for future generations. PHILIPPINE WATER LAW: The Philippine Water Law provides policies and frameworks to manage, protect, and conserve the country’s water resources. This law covers aspects such as water rights, allocation, and usage regulations, ensuring sustainable access to water for domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental needs. It serves as a guide for implementing water-related projects and protecting water resources from pollution and over-extraction.  KEY AGENCIES 1. National Irrigation Administration (NIA): Responsible for developing, operating, and maintaining irrigation systems across the Philippines. NIA plays a huge role in supporting agriculture by ensuring adequate water supply for farming communities, especially in rural areas. 2. Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA): Oversees water utilities in provincial areas, supporting local water districts in planning, construction, and financing water supply projects. LWUA ensures that water services are accessible, affordable, and reliable, particularly in underserved regions. 3. National Water Resources Board (NWRB): Serves as the primary regulatory body for water resources management in the Philippines. The NWRB allocates water rights, regulates water usage, and sets policies for sustainable water resource utilization, balancing the needs of various sectors.  HISTORY OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING  HISTORY OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING distribution networks develop in Europe and North America. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS - Early Innovations: Around 3500 BC, the Sumerians built canals for irrigation, while the Egyptians developed systems along the Nile. The Indus Valley Civilization showcased 20TH CENTURY advanced drainage. - Scientific Advancements: Improvements in - Aqueducts: The Romans (circa 500 BC) hydrology and fluid mechanics enhanced engineered aqueducts to transport water to engineering practices. cities. - Dams and Reservoirs: Major projects like the Hoover and Aswan High Dams provided water MIDDLE AGES supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power. - Watermills: Commonly used for grinding - Integrated Water Resources Management grain, illustrating practical water applications. (IWRM): Emerged late in the century, - Irrigation Techniques: Advanced irrigation promoting holistic water management. systems emerged in Asia, especially in China and India. 21ST CENTURY - Sustainability and Climate Change: Focuses RENAISSANCE TO 19TH CENTURY on sustainable practices to address water - Hydraulic Engineering: Revived interest led scarcity and environmental challenges. to projects like Venetian canals. - Smart Water Systems: Utilizes technology - Modern Water Supply: The 18th and 19th for efficient water management. centuries saw municipal waterworks and  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 1 2 Water Supply Irrigation Systems Systems 3 4 Flood Control Hydroelectric Structures Power Generation 5 6 Wastewat Environme er ntal Managem Conservati ent on  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Objective: Provide safe, clean drinking water to both urban and rural areas. Example: Ilocos Norte Water District (INWD) covers various municipalities in Ilocos Norte and provides potable water to areas outside Laoag, including Batac, Paoay, and other towns. Importance: Given the growing population and urbanization, reliable water supply systems are critical for public health and economic growth.  A DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW WATER MOVES THROUGH DIFFERENT SYSTEMS Watershed - Collects water from rainfall. Dam/Intake - Stores or gathers water. Raw Water Main - Transports untreated water to treatment facility. Water Treatment Facility - Cleans and disinfects water. Pump Station - Moves treated water with pressure. Water Reservoir - Stores treated water for supply. Water Main - Carries water toward distribution. Second Pump Station - Boosts water pressure. Distribution Main - Delivers water to neighborhoods. Home Plumbing - Water reaches your taps for use.  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 2 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Objective: Support the Philippines' large agricultural sector, especially rice farming. Example: Madongan Dam and Irrigation System Located in Dingras, Ilocos Norte, a significant irrigation project serving agricultural areas in the region. It helps irrigate large portions of farmland, supporting rice production and other agricultural activities. Importance: Agriculture is a major economic activity in the Philippines, and efficient irrigation is key to food security.  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 3 FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES Objective: Protect communities and agricultural lands from the frequent flooding caused by typhoons and monsoons. Example: Padsan River Flood Control Project. The Padsan River has historically been prone to flooding during typhoons. Flood control structures like dikes, embankments, and river channel improvements have been built to protect surrounding communities, particularly in Laoag City. The project also involves river dredging to reduce silt build-up and enhance water capacity. Importance: The Philippines experiences around 20 typhoons per year, so effective flood control is important to prevent loss of life and damage to infrastructure.  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 4 HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Objective: Harness the country’s river systems to produce renewable energy. Example: Magat Dam on the Cagayan River serves as both a hydroelectric plant and an irrigation system. Importance: Hydropower is important to reducing the country's reliance on imported fossil fuels and promoting renewable energy.  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 5 WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Objective: Ensure proper treatment and disposal of wastewater to prevent water pollution. Example: Water Supply and Septage Management System of the Ilocos Norte Water District. Ilocos Norte operates a sewage treatment plant designed to treat domestic wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies. This facility aims to reduce pollution and protect water quality in local rivers and waterways. Importance: Proper wastewater treatment is critical for preventing waterborne diseases and preserving water quality, especially in highly urbanized regions.  SCOPE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION Objective: Protect ecosystems and promote sustainable water resource management to address climate change impacts. Example: Paoay Lake. This protected area serves to conserve the lake's biodiversity and the surrounding ecosystems. It provides habitat for various species of birds and aquatic life, promoting conservation efforts and eco-tourism. Importance: The Philippines is highly vulnerable to climate change, and sustainable water management helps build resilience against droughts, floods, and rising sea levels. CONCLUSION Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] +34 654 321 432 yourwebsite.com CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution