Water Resources Engineering 1 PDF

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 1 Definition & Classification of Application Control and Use of Water E Engr. JJohn h MManuell B.Vergel BV l BS-CE, MS-CE Review of...

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 1 Definition & Classification of Application Control and Use of Water E Engr. JJohn h MManuell B.Vergel BV l BS-CE, MS-CE Review of Hydrology y Review of Hydrology Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Water Resources – are sources of usually fresh water that are useful or potentially useful to society. Use of water includes: c u es: a) Agricultural (70% of worldwide water user) b) Industrial (22% of worldwide water user) c) Residential (8% of worldwide water user) d Recreational d) R i l e) Environmental activities Examples of sources: Groundwater, Rivers, Lakes and Reservoirs  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Agricultural – for crops irrigation / aquaculture Balog-Balog Multi Purpose Project (BBMPII) at San Jose, Tarlac Irrigation Capacity = 34,410 hectares (23,000 farmers) Hydropower Generation = 43.5 MW Dam Storageg Capacity p y = 560 Million Cubic Meters ((MCM)) Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: a) Hydroelectric plants; * Dam D /R Reservoiri &R Run-off ff the th river; i b) Thermo electric power plants (water cooling); * Coal, Nuclear, Geothermal, Solar Thermal Electric, Biomass c) Ore and oil refineries (chemical process); d) Manufacturing plant (solvent).  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: a) Hydroelectric plants; D /R Dam Reservoir i R Run-off ff the th River Ri San Roque Hydroelectric Power Plant (2003) Capacity = 345 MW (3rd Largest in the Philippines) Location: San Manuel & San Nicolas, Pangasinan  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: b) Thermo electric power plants (water cooling); Coal Power Plant Geothermal Power Plant Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant (1984, 1995 DMCI) Palinpinion Geothermal Plant (1983, 1995) Capacity = 600 MW (3rd largest in the Philippines Capacity = 192 MW (5th largest in the Philippines) Location: Calaca, Batangas Location: Valencia, Negros Oriental  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: b) Thermo electric power plants (water cooling); Solar Thermal Electric Plant Biomass Power Plant 160 Has Solar Farm (2016 Solar Philippines) Biomass Plant (2015 IBEC ) Capacity = 63.3 MW (3rdlargest in the Philippines) Capacity = 18 MW (7th largest in the Philippines) Location: Calatagan, Batangas Location: Alicia, Isabela Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: b) Thermo electric power plants (water cooling); Nuclear Power Plant Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (1976 Never Operated) Capacity p y = 621 MW ((onlyy plant) p ) Location: Morong , Bataan Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: c) Ore and Oil refineries (chemical process); G ld Silver Gold, Sil and d Copper C Mines Mi Masbate Mine, Philippines (2013)  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: d) Manufacturing Plant (solvent); F d Food P Paper Gardenia Bakeries Trust International Paper Corp. (TIPCO) Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Industrial– which includes: d) Manufacturing Plant (solvent); Ch i l Chemicals St l Steel Unilab Steel Asia Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Residential– potable water supply (Water Treatment) Manila Water Treatment Plant MayniladTreatment Plant Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Recreational– R ti l smallll growing i percentage t off usage off water t Sky Water Park Kayak at Camayan Beach Resort Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Environmental E i t lAActivities– ti iti environmental i t l flows fl (10% off available flow) & fish ladders to maintain aquatic habitat (ecosystem support). support) Environmental flow Fish ladders Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Sources S off FFresh hWWater t – groundwater, d t river, i llake k andd reservoirs. Laguna Lake Angat Reservoir G Groundwater d t River Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Distribution of water on Earth Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Fresh water is renewable resource like soil and air. y The world is supplied pp byy clean and fresh water and it is decreasing. y Water is one of our most critical resources, but b aroundd the h world ld it is under threat. y Water demand already exceed supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too the h water demand. Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Water Resources Engineering – plays a vital role in optimal, planning, design and operation of water resource system. y Applications include the design of hydraulic structures, such as sewage conduits, dams and breakwaters, the management off waterways, suchh as erosion i protection i andd flood protection, and environmental management, such as prediction of the mixing and transport of pollutants in surface water. y Hydroelectric-power y p development, p , water supply, pp y, irrigation and navigation are some familiar applications of water resources engineering involving the utilization of water for f beneficial b fi i l purposes. Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Control of Water– so that it will not cause excessive damage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss of life. e. Applications pp cat o s are: a e: a) Flood Mitigation; b) Storm Drainage; c) Sewerage; d Highway d) Hi h Culvert C l D Design. i Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Flood Mitigation– involves the management and control of flood water movement, such as redirecting flood run-off tthrough oug the t e use of o flood oo walls, wa s, levees, evees, dredging e g g and a flood oo gates, rather than trying to prevent floods altogether. Flood Wall Mangahan Floodway (1983 , NHCS Marikina River) Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Flood Mitigation Dredging San Roque Dam (gradual release)  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Storm Drainage– involves is designed to drain excess rain and groundwater from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, st eets, car ca parks, pa s, parking pa g lots, ots, footpaths, ootpat s, sidewalks, s ewa s, and a roofs Curb Inlet Gutter Inlet Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Storm Drainage Combination  Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Sewerage – is an artificial conduit, usually underground, for carrying off waste water and refuse, as in a town or city.y y It can either be storm sewer system or sanitary sewer system or combined. Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Highway Culvert Design– is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar oobstruction st uct o from o one o e side s e to tthee other ot e side. s e. Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Utilization of Water– use of water for beneficial purposes. purposes Applications are: a) Municipal Water Supply; b) Irrigation; c) Hydroelectric H d l i PPower D Development; l d) Navigation Improvements. y Water Quality Management– pollution control. Pollution threatens the utility of water for municipal and irrigation uses. Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Water Quality Management Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y Planning of Water Resource Project Definition of Technical Political incentive alternatives feasibility Social and Financial Economic environmental feasibility feasibility acceptability Political practicality Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y The Future of Water Resources Engineering 1. Modern civilization is far more dependent on water than were the civilizations of the past. past 2. Modern Standards of personal cleanliness require vastly more water that was used a century ago.ago 3. Increasing population requires expanded acreage of agriculture. agriculture 4. Increasing urban population require more attention to storm drainage drainage, water supply supply, and sewerage. sewerage 5. Industrial progress finds increasing uses for water in process industries and for electric-power electric po er production. production Definition & Classification of Application / Control and Use of Water. y The Future of Water Resources Engineering 6. The water-resources engineers of the future will find themselves deeply involved with new technology and new concepts. 7 Reclamation of wastewater 7. wastewater, weather modification, modification land management to improve water yield, and new water-saving techniques. 8. The conflict between preserving our ecosystem and meeting the “needs” needs of people for water management must certainly lead to new approaches in water management and qquite possibly p y to new definitions of “need”.