Week 4 Sustainability in Cosmetic Industry 2024 PDF

CHE10005 Week 4 Lecture Sustainability in cosmetic industry (ecological footprint, ethical sourcing, and sustainable packaging)  Introduction to Sustainability Sustainable development is ‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to me...

CHE10005 Week 4 Lecture Sustainability in cosmetic industry (ecological footprint, ethical sourcing, and sustainable packaging)  Introduction to Sustainability Sustainable development is ‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. (Brundtland Commission of United Nations) Three pillars of sustainability Environment (Planet): use of natural resources, biodiversity, environmental preservation. Social (People): health and well-being of people Economy (Profit): financial feasibility Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG) are used for assessing the impact and sustainability of a company's activities. Sustainability in Cosmetic Industry Ecological Footprint Social Footprint Sourcing of Ingredients Life Cycle of Burt’s Bees Lip Balm http://www.designlife-cycle.com/burts-bees-lip-balm  Palm Oil Palm oil is an important raw material for production of cosmetic and personal care products Video: Poverty and Deforestation in Indonesia  Discussion Question Consider the three dimensions of sustainability: environment, social and economy, do you think boycott the palm oil is the solution to ensure sustainability? Video: The real problem with Palm Oil End of Life Disposal of Waste  Microbeads Microbeads in soaps, scrubs, and shower gels for exfoliating and texturizing purpose. They are designed to be discarded and wash away. The microbeads, especially those made of synthetic polymers are slow to biodegrade, could accumulate in water and ingested by marine life. The Story of Microbeads  Discussion Question Suggest how we can reduce the microplastic pollution associated with the use of synthetic polymer as microbeads in cosmetic and personal care products. Packaging Sustainable Packaging in Cosmetic Industry  Cosmetic Packaging Primary Packaging Secondary Packaging Tertiary Packaging Direct contact with product Container that holds the Used for shipping, bulk handling (bottle, tubs) primary packaging and warehouse storage  Function and Importance of Packaging Protection of product (chemical contamination, microbial contamination, light, oxidation, moisture) Communication (ingredient list, instruction to use, expiry date) Marketing (claim, aesthetics) Convenience (for consumer) Packaging Material  Plastic as Packaging Material Plastic is the most widely used packaging material in the cosmetic industry for their flexibility, light weight and low cost. Manufacture of packaging use non-renewable petrochemicals and contribute to carbon footprint. The single-use packaging usually ends up in landfill, creating huge amount of waste Video: Fates of Plastic Bottles  Addition Polymerization Addition polymers are made by free radical addition reaction which involves breaking the pi bond between C=C bond and turn into saturated hydrocarbon (C-C). Addition polymers usually are not biodegradable.  Condensation Polymers Condensation involves addition (joining the monomers) by eliminating (removal) of small molecules. Condensation polymer with ester land amide linkage making the polymer susceptible to hydrolysis, thus are biodegradable.  Question (a) Identify ONE addition polymer and ONE condensation polymer from the list. (b) Describe the major difference of the two types of polymers. Environmental Issues with Plastic Packaging Depletion of non-renewable fossil hydrocarbons Solid Waste Landfill and incineration Persistent in the environment Non-biodegradable Plastic and microplastic pollution Low recycle rate Difficult to segregate Lower quality POPs Plastic additives- e.g. brominated flame retardants  Bioplastic Biobased plastic: plastic prepared from natural raw materials (e.g. sugar, starch, corn, cassava) Biodegradable plastic: materials that are able to degrade with the help of microorganism to become natural elements like CO2 and water. Bioplastic has high water permeability and lower heat stability limits the application as packaging materials Not all bioplastic are biodegradable or compostable. Examples Biobased plastic bottle from sugarcane Bamboo jar Bamboo and wooden bottle Hybrid Plastic Bottle Polylactic acid packaging  Question (a) What is the difference between polyethylene and biobased polyethylene? (b) Using specific examples, describe the common features between bio- based and fossil-based plastic that are biodegradable. Circular Economy for Packaging  Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) Reduce the amount of packaging – high raw material costs Recycle the packaging materials – glass, aluminium, and paperboard Use of post-consumer regrind (PCR) plastics Aveda sustainable packaging initiatives Physician’s formula organic wear cosmetic products Reusable packaging Alcan packaging- pyramid-shaped sachet for Givenchy perfume Upcycle Furniture - creating new furniture pieces from pallets or reclaimed wood https://earth.org/best- sustainable-beauty-brands/ Recycling of Plastics Not all types of plastics are recyclable. Recycling of Plastics  Challenges in Recycling Plastics Additive Purpose 1. Complexity in the chemical Plasticizer Process aid which reduces viscosity composition of plastics 2. Presence of polymer additives in Foaming agents Give lightness and stiffness the plastic Flame retardants Increase fire resistance 3. Difficulty in collection, sorting Light stabilizer Increase resistance to UV radiation and segregation. Heat stabilizers Increased resistance to heat 4. Quality of plastic resin recovered deteriorated every circle of Calcium carbonate Filler, generally used for cost recycling reduction as cheaper than polymer Pigments Colorants, to give plastic colour for 5. Higher cost compared to virgin aesthetic properties. plastic resins Glass fibres Increased strength and stiffness  Question Refer to the waste management hierarchy, give example how cosmetic and personal care products packaging could be improved to make it more sustainable? Recycle and Repurpose Reusable Packaging  Summary Packaging plays an important role in ensuring safety and usability of cosmetic products. Plastic packaging poses a significant solid waste and environmental pollution problem as it is designed for disposal in the linear economy model. As consumer, we could contribute by: 1. Reduce consumption 2. Reuse 3. Recycle 4. Choose biodegradable and compostable packaging