Operationalization: Week 3 PDF

OPERATIONALIZATION DEFINITIONS Operationalization Development of specific research procedures that will result in empirical observations representing those concepts in the real world. Measurement Careful, deliberate observations for the purpose of des...

OPERATIONALIZATION DEFINITIONS Operationalization Development of specific research procedures that will result in empirical observations representing those concepts in the real world. Measurement Careful, deliberate observations for the purpose of describing objects and events in terms of the attributes composing a variable. TURNING CONCEPTS 4 INTO NUMBERS Transforming ideas into measures Using measures to assign numbers to those ideas How do we make something like “love” or “communication apprehension” into a number?  WHAT KINDS OF OPERATIONALIZATION DO WE SEE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? DIRECT OBSERVATION – TRAIN OBSERVERS/CODERS  WHAT KINDS OF OPERATIONALIZATION DO WE SEE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? DIRECT OBSERVATION – PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS  WHAT KINDS OF OPERATIONALIZATION DO WE SEE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUE  WHAT KINDS OF OPERATIONALIZATION DO WE SEE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? TEXTUAL &/OR NARRATIVE DATA Column1.conversati Column1.public_metrics.retwe on_id Column1.text et_count @CalebTCarrPhD "Competent" adult supervision.... Also why would you need a warning about towing behind a vehicle, 14794708572611338 according to my Northern Michigan upbringing - you use skis for 28 that kind of thing in a Wal-mart parking lot, not sleds. 0 14791104438220308 53 @DrBeckyHayes *adds shower coffee shelf to renovation list 0 @SaveWildBees @MGHToronto Nice - hoping to see this come 14791021683595755 through the communication from EY schools. Maybe post to the 64 neighborhood FB groups? 0 14788670443051827 25 57 https://t.co/DZg9KpYk3y 1 14787382444603351 @DrCJCarpenter @ombullock Oh, Olivia.... There are REVIEWS. 08 (Maybe Chris should put them on a blog for the world to enjoy?) 0 @mdemoya The rundown we get of Grade 2/3 drama at dinner is 14787909154184314 sooooo entertaining. Marriages! Break-ups! Balls thrown over the 98 fence! Alliances formed and destroyed all in a single afternoon. 0 14787951368049950 RT @jeremyfaust: RT if you personally know someone with Covid 74 right now. 104049 My Grade 3 son as we prepared for remote school this morning: I bet my teacher is happy we're online Me (knowing flipping a Grade 2/3 class to zoom is an insane amount of work): Oh, why? Son: 'Cause now she can mute people. 14787909154184314 98 Starts listing mute-eligible classmates... 🙄 0 WHAT KINDS OF OPERATIONALIZATION DO WE SEE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? SURVEY/SELF-REPORT DATA OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS Respondents provide their own answer to a question Benefits Answer choice is not constrained by the researcher Data may be richer – more detailed Drawbacks Data must be coded Answers might not be relevant CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS Respondents choose answers from a provided list Benefits Uniform response Already in numeric format Drawbacks Structure of the response may not match respondent experiences May not capture the richness of the data.  DEVELOPING MEASURES What are the indicators of your variable? Craft items around these indicators Use multiple items to create a composite measure  LIKERT SCALE Communication Apprehension – Cognitive Disagree Agree Strongly Strongly 1. When giving a public speech I feel very nervous. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. I have no fear of facing an audience. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. I feel anxious prior to giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. I am tense the entire time I am giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. I feel relaxed and comfortable while giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Items adapted from the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension for College Students (PRCA-College) (McCroskey, 1970)  SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL Marital Opinion Questionnaire Below are some words and phrases which we would like you to use to describe how you feel about your martial satisfaction. Please indicate your impressions of your marriage by circling the appropriate number between the pairs of adjectives below. The close the number is to an adjective, the more certain you are of your evaluation. Boring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Interesting Miserable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Enjoyable Hard 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Easy Useless 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Worthwhile Lonely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Friendly Empty 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Full Discouraging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hopeful Disappointing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rewarding Low Satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 High Satisfaction The Marital Opinion Questionnaire (Huston, McHale, & Crouter, 1986) CHOOSING THE SCALE CHOOSING THE SCALE MEASURE CREATION GUIDELINES Measure data at the most sophisticated level possible Ratio What is your age? Answer in years ____ Interval I am old. Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Agree Ordinal How old are you? 18-24 25-30 31-35 36 - 42 43-50 50-60 MEASURE CREATION GUIDELINES Write more items than you think you need -We will be using means of the composite scale - Some items may be “bad” items Communication Apprehension – Cognitive 1. When giving a public speech I feel very nervous. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. I have no fear of facing an audience. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. I feel anxious prior to giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. I am tense the entire time I am giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. I feel relaxed and comfortable while giving a speech. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MEASURE CREATION GUIDELINES Precises and Clear Language! Keep items short Avoid jargon Use language the respondent understands Provide specific frames “When thinking of…..” Avoid words like “always or never” in the items (anchor points might be okay)  MEASURE CREATION GUIDELINES Is the respondent willing and able to answer the question? Social Desirability Bias Do they have the knowledge or experience? Can they remember this thing?  https://bit.ly/4ezHgRt OPERATIONALIZATION