Week 3 Physics Motion (SSI)

WEEK 3 SSI PHYSICS TOPIC: MOTION  1 CONCEPT OF MOTION, CAUSE OF MOTION TYPES, PROPERTIES OR CHARACTERISTIC S OF MOTION BODIES IN MOTION Displacement/distance, Speed/velocity, Acceleration, Friction 1 CONCEPT OF MOTION / CAUSE OF MOTION / TYPES OF MOTION:...

WEEK 3 SSI PHYSICS TOPIC: MOTION  1 CONCEPT OF MOTION, CAUSE OF MOTION TYPES, PROPERTIES OR CHARACTERISTIC S OF MOTION BODIES IN MOTION Displacement/distance, Speed/velocity, Acceleration, Friction 1 CONCEPT OF MOTION / CAUSE OF MOTION / TYPES OF MOTION: Motion is the change in the position of an object or a body relative to a reference. Motion can also be referred to the movement of an object from one point to another. CAUSE OF MOTION: FORCE TYPES OF MOTION FORCE is an action of pull or push on an object resulting into movements and change in the position Random motion: of an object. Rectilinear/linear/ : TYPES OF FORCES translational motion CONTACT FORCE: This is the kind of force in which the Circular motion: force is in direct contact with the object. Examples are Rotational motion Frictional force, Viscosity, Tension, Thrust, Upthrust, Air- resistance Oscillatory/vibrational motion FIELD FORCE/NON CONTACT FORCE: This is an invincible force in which on an object without being in contact with it.Curvilinear/projecti le Examples are: motion Gravitational field force: Relative motion: Electric field force: Magnetic field force:  FORCES AND ITS EFFECTS ON OBJECT TYPES OF CONTACT FORCES EFFECTS OF FORCES ON Frictional force: This is a force that opposes the relative motion of two solid. MOTION Viscosity: This is a force that opposes motion of object in liquid. Forces causes motion of an object. Tension: This is a force that acts in opposite direction to an applied force or weight in a stretched strings or ropes Changes the speed of an objects. Thrust: This is a force that propels the motion of automobiles. Changes the position of Upthrust: This is an upward force from liquids that make objects to float in or on object. liquid. Changes the shape of an Air-resistance: This is also called drag force of the air , it act in opposite direction objects. to the motion of an object. Causes an object to stop. TYPES OF NON-CONTACT FORCES Gravitational field force: The force of the earth that pulls every object towards the centre of the earth. Electric field force: The force from a static or moving charge (electricity) it can attract or repel unlike charges and like charges. Magnetic field force: The force from a magnet that tends to attract or repel magnetic materials or itself.  RANDOM MOTION This is the motion of tiny particles in a haphazard or zig-zag direction such that each short displacement is linear. Examples of RANDOM MOTION  Motion of pollen grains  Motion of atoms or molecules  Motion of dust particles  Motion mosquitoes, house fly, crickets RECTILINEAR/LINEAR/TRANSLATIONAL MOTION This is a motion of an object along a straight line. LINEAR MOTION: Include horizontal motion, vertical motion object going up and vertical motion object coming down Example are: Motion of the body of a moving car Motion of a free-falling object Motion of an object thrown vertically of upward Motion of a man walking on the road Motion of the path of a rolling ball  CASES OF LINEAR OR EQUATIONS TRANSLATIO FREELY FALLING OBJECT NAL MOTION OBJECT THROWN VERTICALLY/ LINEARLY UPWARD EQUATIONS OBJECT OBJECT THROWN VERTICALLY THROWN UPWARD VERTICALLY/ LINEARLY CIRCULAR MOTION This is the motion of a body about a fixed point called the center EXAMPLES Motion of a car moving around a fixed point Motion of a person in a fiery wheel Motion of a whirled stone attached with a rope Motion of the revolution of the earth. Motion of a balance wheel of a watch Motion of the blade of a windmill etc. CHARACTERISTICS The acceleration, (a), and centripetal force, (fc), are directed to OF CIRCULAR the fixed point.  The acceleration and centripetal force is proportional to the MOTION displacement from the fixed point.  and The acceleration, (a) and centripetal force, (fc), are proportional to the square of angular speed.  and The centrifugal force (fu) is directed away from the equilibrium position and opposite direction to the centripetal force (fc).   acceleration and the centripetal force is perpendicular to the tangential velocity, (Vt) The work done, (w) by the body is zero The magnitude of the velocity and acceleration is constant The velocity and acceleration vary or change with time The linear momentum, P, angular momentum, L, and kinetic energy, K.E, or change with time.   CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION 1) The acceleration, (a), and centripetal force, (fc), are directed to the fixed point. 2) The acceleration and centripetal force is proportional to the displacement from the fixed point. 1) and 3) The acceleration, (a) and centripetal force, (fc), are proportional to the square of angular speed. 1) and 4) The centrifugal force (fu) is directed away from the equilibrium position and opposite direction to the centripetal force (fc). 1) 5) acceleration and the centripetal force is perpendicular to the tangential velocity, (Vt) 6) The work done, (w) by the body is zero 7) The magnitude of the velocity and acceleration is constant 8) The velocity and acceleration vary or change with time 9) The linear momentum, P, angular momentum, L, and kinetic energy, K.E, or change with time. 1) 10)The total energy in the system is conserved ROTATIONAL MOTION This is the motion of a body or an object about its owns axis EQUATIONS OSCILLATORY MOTION EXAMPLES OF OSCILLATORY MOTION 1. The motion of an oscillating pendulum 2. The motion of a vibrating cantilever 3. The motion of an object in a circular motion 4. The motion of the vibrating loaded spring 5. The motion of an oscillating bifilar 6. The motion of an oscillating pendulum bob OSCILLATORY MOTION This is a periodic back and front movement of a body under a restoring force such that the acceleration is directed to a fixed point and proportional to the displacement. CHARACTERISTICS OF OSCILLATORY MOTION  The acceleration is directed to the fixed point  The acceleration is proportional to the negative square of angular speed   The acceleration is proportional to the negative displacement from the fixed point  CURVELINEAR MOTION CURVILINEAR/PROJECTILE MOTION: This is the motion of an object shot into space and allows it to fall under the influence of gravity. The path of the object is called the trajectory and the curve is parabolic EXAMPLES  Motion of a lifting and landing aircraft  Motion of a fired bullet  Motion of a thrown into the air  Motion of a ball rolling down from a cliff  Motion of a rocket launched into the air etc… APPLICATION OF A PROJECTILE  Sports  Defense  War-fare RELATIVE MOTION This is the motion of a objects or a body relative or pass another. Relative motion create an illusion that stationary objects like trees, houses, parked cars etc. CASE1: moves. EXAMPLE A Motion of a car pass a stationary object Motion of a moving car pass another DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE VELOCITY AND CASE 2: ACCELERATION CASE1: When the objects moves in the same direction SUBTRACT their velocities or acceleration to obtain their relative values) A CASE 2: When the objects moves in the same direction (ADD their velocities or acceleration to obtain their relative values) CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTION BODIES IN MOTION DISPLACEMENT: This is the change in position of an object in a defined direction, measured in meters. (VECTOR QUANTITY) DISTANCE: This is the change in position of an object in an undefined direction, measured in meters. (SCALAR QUANTITY) SPEED: Rate of change in distance, measured in. (VECTOR QUANTITY) VELOCITY: Rate of change in displacement, measured in. (VECTOR QUANTITY) ACCELERATION: The rate of change in velocity, measured in is. (VECTOR QUANTITY) MOMENTUM (P): This is the property of an object in motion expressed as the product of mass and velocity, measured FRICTION: This is the force that act at the surface of two solids in contact and opposes the motion. TYPES OF SPEED/VELOCITY/ACCELERATION SPEED VELOCITY ACCELERATI UNIFORM/STEADY: UNIFORM/STEADY ON UNIFORM/STEADY NON-UNIFORM/ UNSTEADY NON-UNIFORM/ NON-UNIFORM/ INSTANTANEOUS UNSTEADY: UNSTEADY INSTANTANEOUS: INSTANTANEOUS LINEAR SPEED LINEAR VELOCITY ANGULAR SPEED ANGULAR VELOCTY SPEED GRAPH ACCELERATION GRAPH FRICTIO N1 CAUSE OF FRICTION/CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH FRICTION OCCURE 1. Two LAWS OF FRICTION 2. 1. 3. 2. 3. ADVANTANGES OF FRICTION 4. 1) 5. 6. 2) 3) EFFECTS OF FRICTION 1. 2. 3. 4. METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION: