week-3-individual-differences-p2.pdf

lOMoARcPSD|28762649 Week 3 - Individual differences p2 Personality Psychology (University of South Australia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloade...

lOMoARcPSD|28762649 Week 3 - Individual differences p2 Personality Psychology (University of South Australia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Alexia Jones ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|28762649 Week 3- Personality Psychology - Social desirability: tendency to answer - INTERNAL: changes are internal to a Individual items in such a way so that one comes person- not changes in the external across as socially attractive or likable  environment differences p2 measuring and statistically removing/ designing surveys that are susceptible to - ENDURING: changes are enduring over time- not temporary social desirability/ using a forced choice MEASUREMENT ISSUES format. - Reliance on self-report DIFFERENT TYPES OF STABILITY ‘- how much’ of a trait does someone have? PERSONALITY AND PREDICTION POPULATION LEVEL: changes or constancies that CARELESS RESPONDING: Academic success may be associated with apply more or less to every one (sex/driving/crime) - infrequency scales: items that few people personality (conscientiousness) GROUP LEVEL: changes or constancies that affect ever answer NOFTLE & ROBINS different groups differently (body image concerns, - Duplicate items: spaced far apart in the - Four different samples risk taking) survey - Measures of personality: BFI, NEO-FFI, INDIVIDUAL LEVEL?: can we predict later FAKING ON QUESTIONNAIRES: HEXACO-PI, NEO-PI-R psychological disturbance from earlier measures of - Faking good: attempting to appear better - Measures of academic achievement: SAT personality? Predictions that can be made from off or better adjusted than one actually is score, GPA personality traits aren’t conclusive, lots more - Faking bad: attempting to appear worse off - Self-perceived IQ and academic ability variability than predictability or less adjusted than one actually is. - Self-reports of academic effort HOW TO MEASURE FAKING - Results: consciousness and openness STABILITY OF PERSONALITY OVER TIME DISCLOSURE INDEX: whether client was inclined to biggest predictors of SAT scores and GPA INFANCY: for most temperament variables there are be frank and self-revealing or reticent and secretive Myer Briggs good example of what not to use- puts moderate levels of stability during the first year of DESIRABILITY INDEX: degree to which the results people in boxes that don’t tell us THAT much life. Emotionally driven. may have been affected by client’s inclination to CHILDHOOD: activity level appear socially attractive, morally virtuous or PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (smiling/laughing/fear) /aggression (some level of emotionally well reserved Continuities, consistencies, stabilities in people over predictability) DEBASEMENT INDEX: tendency to deprecate or time // the way in which people change over time ADULTHOOD: devalue oneself by presenting more troublesome Three key forms of stability - Rank order stability: found across multiple emotional and personal difficulties that are likely to - RANK ORDER: maintenance of an measures with multiple investigators// uncovered upon objective review individual’s position within a group found from observer reports// more set in RESPONSE SETS: - MEAN LEVEL: constancy of level in stone the older you get// moderate to high - Acquiescence: tendency to agree with population levels of stability in adulthood- turning items, regardless of content  reverse - PERSONAL COHERENCE: maintaining rank behaviours into habits- habitually produce scoring order relative to others, but changing behaviours because they’re comfortable- - Extreme responding: tendency to give manifestations of the trait. thought to reflect your personality endpoint responses Personality change - Mean level stability: average levels of the big 5 mostly stable over time Downloaded by Alexia Jones ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|28762649 Week 3- Personality Psychology - PERSONALITY CHANGE Changes in self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood - Sex differences adolescent  adulthood. Females decrease, males increase Autonomy, leadership, dominance and ambition increase over time Flexibility and impulsivity: decrease over lifespan Sensation seeking increases from childhood  adolescence, falls continuously after 20s Femininity: drop from early 40s to 50s, pressure to look a certain way decreases as you get older Competence: SELF PERCIEVED women increase, men stable Independence and traditional roles: general increase Changes in time across cohorts - Increase in narcissism: western culture - Self sufficiency: more access to info and opportunities - Education - Assertiveness COHERENCE OVER TIME Predictable changes in manifestations or outcomes of personality factors over time, even if underlying characteristics remain stable Downloaded by Alexia Jones ([email protected])