Measurement Issues in Personality Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of infrequency scales in questionnaires?

  • To predict later psychological disturbance
  • To measure personality traits such as conscientiousness
  • To assess academic achievement, such as SAT scores
  • To detect participants who answer items in a way that few people ever do (correct)

    • What type of responding involves attempting to appear better adjusted than one actually is?

  • Faking good (correct)
  • Academic responding
  • Faking bad
  • Careless responding

    • According to NOFTLE & ROBINS, what was the focus of their research?

  • The prediction of psychological disturbance from personality traits
  • The impact of careless responding on questionnaire results
  • The relationship between personality and academic achievement (correct)
  • The development of infrequency scales

    • At what level do changes or constancies affect different groups differently?

    <p>Group level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for attempting to appear worse off or less adjusted than one actually is?

    <p>Faking bad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about predictions made from personality traits?

    <p>They are moderately predictive, but with some variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Debasement Index measure?

    <p>The tendency to deprecate or devalue oneself by presenting more troublesome emotional and personal difficulties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key predictor of SAT scores and GPA?

    <p>Conscientiousness and openness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with the Myer Briggs type?

    <p>It puts people in boxes that don't tell us much.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stability is characterized by an individual maintaining their rank order relative to others, but changing in their absolute level?

    <p>Rank order stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a response set that involves agreeing with items regardless of content?

    <p>Acquiescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social desirability in the context of personality psychology?

    <p>A tendency to answer items in a way that makes one appear socially attractive or likable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life do temperament variables show moderate levels of stability?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do researchers address the issue of social desirability in surveys?

    <p>By designing surveys that are susceptible to social desirability and then statistically removing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the index that measures an individual's tendency to present themselves in a socially attractive and morally virtuous light?

    <p>Desirability Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of life do individuals tend to develop habits and produce behaviors that are comfortable for them?

    <p>Adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'enduring' change in personality psychology?

    <p>A change that is resistant to change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with measuring individual differences in personality psychology?

    <p>It is hard to know how much of a trait someone has</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is internal change in the context of personality psychology?

    <p>A change that occurs due to internal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to address social desirability in personality psychology research?

    <p>Because it can lead to more accurate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of measuring individual differences in personality psychology?

    <p>To determine how much of a trait someone has</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a forced-choice format in the context of personality psychology research?

    <p>A type of question that requires participants to choose between two or more options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sensation seeking behavior across the lifespan?

    <p>It increases from childhood to adolescence, and then falls continuously after the 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend for femininity across the lifespan?

    <p>It drops from early 40s to 50s, and then remains stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to autonomy, leadership, dominance, and ambition across the lifespan?

    <p>They increase over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for predictable changes in manifestations or outcomes of personality factors over time?

    <p>Coherence over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trend observed across cohorts?

    <p>An increase in self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to flexibility and impulsivity across the lifespan?

    <p>They decrease over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sex difference observed in self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood?

    <p>Males increase, females decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to competence across the lifespan?

    <p>Women's self-perceived competence increases, men's remains stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Measurement Issues in Personality Psychology

    • Social desirability: the tendency to answer questions in a way that appears socially attractive or likable
    • Internal changes: changes that occur within a person, not due to external environmental factors
    • Enduring changes: changes that are long-lasting over time, not temporary

    Careless Responding and Faking on Questionnaires

    • Infrequency scales: items that few people would answer in a certain way, used to detect careless responding
    • Duplicate items: spaced far apart in the survey to detect careless responding
    • Faking good: attempting to appear better adjusted than one actually is
    • Faking bad: attempting to appear worse off than one actually is
    • Disclosure index: measures whether a client is inclined to be frank and self-revealing or reticent and secretive
    • Desirability index: measures the degree to which the results appear socially attractive, morally virtuous, or emotionally well-reserved
    • Debasement index: measures the tendency to deprecate or devalue oneself by presenting more troublesome emotional and personal difficulties

    Response Sets

    • Acquiescence: the tendency to agree with items, regardless of content
    • Extreme responding: the tendency to give endpoint responses

    Personality Development and Stability

    • Three key forms of stability:
      • Rank order stability: maintaining an individual's position within a group over time
      • Mean level stability: constancy of level in a population over time
      • Personal coherence: maintaining rank order relative to others, but changing manifestations of the trait over time
    • Infancy: moderate levels of stability in temperament variables during the first year of life
    • Childhood: moderate levels of stability in activity level and aggression
    • Adulthood: moderate to high levels of stability in the big 5 personality traits, with rank order stability found across multiple measures

    Personality Change

    • Changes in self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood: females decrease, males increase
    • Autonomy, leadership, dominance, and ambition increase over time
    • Flexibility and impulsivity decrease over lifespan
    • Sensation seeking increases from childhood to adolescence, then falls continuously after 20s
    • Femininity: drops from early 40s to 50s, with pressure to look a certain way decreasing with age
    • Competence: self-perceived women increase, men stable
    • Independence and traditional roles: general increase over time
    • Changes in time across cohorts:
      • Increase in narcissism in Western culture
      • Self-sufficiency: more access to info and opportunities
      • Education
      • Assertiveness

    Coherence Over Time

    • Predictable changes in manifestations or outcomes of personality factors over time, even if underlying characteristics remain stable

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    Description

    This quiz covers common issues in personality psychology, including social desirability, internal changes, and enduring changes. It also explores methods to detect careless responding and faking on questionnaires.

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