Week 3-4 Artemis Part 2 Slides PDF

Workshop of Hendrick Goltzius, after Hendrick Goltzius Jupiter in the Disguise of Diana Seduces Callisto Arcas Preparing to Kill His Mother ORION Another story that explains the etiology of constellations Tales usually from late antiquity and MANY versions. Common elements: Birth in Boeotia,...

Workshop of Hendrick Goltzius, after Hendrick Goltzius Jupiter in the Disguise of Diana Seduces Callisto Arcas Preparing to Kill His Mother ORION Another story that explains the etiology of constellations Tales usually from late antiquity and MANY versions. Common elements: Birth in Boeotia, visit to Chios and Merope, blinded by Oneopion, recovery of sight at Lemnos, hunting with Artemis on Crete, and death by either bow or scorpion. Lost tale in Heriod’s Aastronomia recounted in Eratosthenes’ Catasterismi (also lost). Orion – hunter associated with Chios and its king. Orion woos Merope, the daughter of Oenopion, king of Chios. King blinds him but vision is restored by Helius Encounters Artemis and tries to rape her. She produces scorpion from the earth that stings him to death. Now he’s a star pursuing the Pleiades. Sirius is his dog ARETHUSA Nymph from Arcadia She goes for a bath in a river, doesn’t realize the river is actually a god, Alpheus Alpheus wants to get it on, but Arethusa needs to stay chaste Artemis hides her in a cloud, but Alpheus is sweating and turns into a stream Artemis breaks open the ground and allows her to escape to Sicily. Another creation myth used for etiological purposes Explains how the Arethusa fountain at Syracuse emerged ORIGINS Obscure background complicated by contradictions. Virgin in later periods but connections to fertility. Connection to animals (Francois vase) also seen in her depiction in robe of animal heads. Artemis Ephesia – connection with Ephesus François Vase, Museo Archeologico, Florence FRANCOIS KRATER Potter: Ergotimos Painter: Kleitias 575 BC, found in Chiusi in 1844 Calydonian Boar Hunt Funeral Games of Patroclus Ajax carrying Achilles, lower handle Εργοτιµος µεποιεσεν: Ergotimos made me Κλιτιας µεγραφσεν̣: Klitias painted me Lady of Ephesus, 1st C AD, Ephesus Museum 718 ORIGINS: EPHESUS Focus on child-bearing aspect Robe of animal heads with a ring of multiple breasts seen at Ephesus Link to moon and menstrual cycle Ties into archetypal concept of virgin/mother Temple at Ephesus one of the 7 wonders TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS Earliest version attributed to Amazons 3 phases, 2nd supposedly first temple built entirely of marble. 550 BC, burned down 356 BC 323 BC work on 3rd version starts. AD 268 – Goths sack temple THREE ASPECTS Associated with other goddesses depending on aspect Selene – moon-goddess, heavenly Hecate – fertility deity with home in the underworld. Chthonic. Cousin of Artemis. Goddess of crossroads, center of ghostly activities. Syncretism happens in ROMAN times. Leads to three manifestations combined in one. Triple faced statues Patron deity of sorceresses and witches Aspects of a Fury, skilled in black magic, ready for the chase and armed with bow and accompanied by animals Triple Statue of Diana, 2nd C AD, British Museum 1805,0703.14 ARTEMIS BRAURONIA Athens to Brauron on the eastern coast of Attica Temple, buildings associated with rituals, and dedications found at Brauron Athenian girls must be “bears” (temple attendants) for a year before being allowed to marry Dedicated precinct on the Acropolis Braurorian festival held every four years with procession from Athens to Brauron. Artemis vs. Aphrodite Lyssa personification of mad rage, frenzy, and rabies Euripides, Hippolytus (Overly Sarcastic summary) British Museum 1856,1226.1 Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons Backstory and potential source of Hippolytus’ misogyny He’s never had sex, lived chastely, and then all of the sudden Phaedra is after him Is this representative of a typical 5th C Greek man? Probably not. Aphrodite punishes him for his aberration, and his father hate him for the religious fanaticism. THESUS – archetype of the traditional father Walters Art Museum 48.241