Nursing 2055: Adult Illness Concepts - Heart Failure PDF

Nursing 2055: Adult Illness Concepts Heart Failure Chapter 37 Ainsley Miller, 2024 Heart Failure An abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pumping, filling, or both Heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output (CO) to meet metabolic n...

Nursing 2055: Adult Illness Concepts Heart Failure Chapter 37 Ainsley Miller, 2024 Heart Failure An abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pumping, filling, or both Heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output (CO) to meet metabolic needs Characterized by Ventricular dysfunction Reduced exercise tolerance Diminished quality of life Shortened life expectancy Etiology and Pathophysiology Primary risk factors CAD Hypertension Contributing risk factors Diabetes Tobacco use Obesity High serum cholesterol Etiology and Pathophysiology Heart failure may be caused by any interference with the normal mechanisms regulating cardiac output Factors affecting cardiac output: 1. Preload Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, before the next contraction 2. Afterload Peripheral resistance against which the LV must pump 3. Myocardial contractility 4. Heart rate Primary Causes of HF Primary Causes of HF Precipitating Causes of HF Chronic Acute Anemia Coronary artery Acute myocardial Infection disease infarction Thyrotoxicosis Hypertension Dysrhythmias Dysrhythmias Rheumatic heart Pulmonary embolus Bacterial disease Thyrotoxicosis endocarditis Congenital heart Hypertensive crisis Myocarditis disease Rupture of papillary Pulmonary embolus Ventricular septal muscle Pulmonary disease defect Myocarditis Paget’s disease Pulmonary disease Bacterial Nutritional deficiency  Types of Heart Failure Heart failure with reduced Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (most Mixed heart failure ejection fraction common) LV loses its ability to Impaired ability of the Seen in disease states generate enough pressure ventricles to relax and such as dilated to eject blood forward fill during diastole, cardiomyopathy (DCM) through the aorta resulting in decreased Poor EFs (