Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Lec. 1 ADN401 2024 - PDF

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) ============================== Causes of CHF: ============== 1. The primary cause of CHF in the first 3 years of life is Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) 2. Cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and hypertension 3. Pulmonary embolism or chronic lung disease 4. Seve...

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) ============================== Causes of CHF: ============== 1. The primary cause of CHF in the first 3 years of life is Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) 2. Cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and hypertension 3. Pulmonary embolism or chronic lung disease 4. Severe hemorrhage or anemia 5. Adverse effects of anesthesia or surgery 6. Adverse effects of transfusions or infusions 7. Increased body demands resulting from conditions such as fever, infection and arteriovenous fistula 8. Adverse effects of drugs, such as doxorubicin 9. Severe physical or emotional stress 10.Excessive sodium intake Diagnostic Evaluation ===================== 1. Chest radiography reveals cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion 2. CBC reveals dilution hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia 3. ECG reveals ventricular hypertrophy Primary Nursing Diagnosis ========================= Medical Management ================== 1. Treatment of any precipitating causes 2. Control of fluid and sodium retention 3. Increasing myocardial contractility 4. Decreasing cardiac workload 5. Reducing pulmonary and systemic venous congestion 6. Fluid and sodium restriction to reduce volume and thereby reduce preload. Surgical Management =================== 1. Coronary bypass surgery  2. [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty](https://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fency%2Fanatomyvideos%2F000096.htm&ei=lCdQUsDxKIHGtQbEwoHwBg&usg=AFQjCNHGTEcbq1z7ImHU6vq34uHLAsW3vw&sig2=d3YVbPRevAEirEotGMlZbw&bvm=bv.53537100%2Cd.Yms) PTCA: The use of a balloon-tipped catheter to enlarge a narrowed coronary artery. 3. Other innovative therapies as indicated (e.g, mechanical assist devices, transplantation). Pharmacologic Intervention ========================== - Antiarrhythmias to increase cardiac performance - Diuretics, to reduce venous and systemic congestion - Iron and folic acid supplements to improve nutritional status. Nursing Intervention ==================== 1. Monitor for signs of respiratory distress 2. Monitor for signs of altered cardiac output 3. Evaluate fluid status 4. Administer prescribed medications. 5. Prevent Infection 6. Reduce cardiac demands 7. Promote adequate nutrition, low-sodium as prescribed.