Week 10.pdf

3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk 14% of kids b/w 4-11 will have a mental how many children will experience men- health disorder tal health issues higher in boys (17% vs 11%)...

3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk 14% of kids b/w 4-11 will have a mental how many children will experience men- health disorder tal health issues higher in boys (17% vs 11%) externalising disorders: behavioural problems directed to outside world, fail- ure to control behaviour according to adults/society expectations eg ADHD, oppositional defiance disorder, conduct 2 broad categories of mental health is- disorder sues internalising disorders: psych/emo prob- lems directed inward and involve internal world, thoughts, feelings, fantasies etc eg mood disorders, anxiety, PTSD sleeping problems toileting problems early childhood developmental problems learning disabilities pervasive developmental disorders conduct problems ADHD middle childhood developmental prob- anxiety problems lems repetition problems (OCD, tics) somatic complaints drug abuse mood regulation (eg depression) adolescence developmental problems anxiety disorders eating disorders/body dysmorphia schizophrenia can show up in many ways not just PTST eg externalising/internalising disorder effects of abuse also can experience difficulty w transition points like divorce, death, grief, school transi- tions 1/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk 1) veered off normal developmental course 2)is different treatment required for differ- how to know when a child has a mental ent phases health disorder 3)important to place child in context (fam- ily, school, etc) 4)normal/abnormal exist on a continuum and differ developmentally consider: milestones, emotional growth, normal development toileting w children a lot depends on their path- developmental phase ways, eg issues w toileting in a 2 year old are treated different than a 7 year old whole group of systems around child to context consider during childhood and youth is a devia- pathological behaviours tion from the norm eg kicking, tantrums, screaming intensity: strength frequency: how often dimensions to describe behaviours duration: length number of systems and configuration anything that increases risk of difficulties risk and protective factors or protect against it beyond individual lev- els (context) ongoing interaction b/w risk and protec- tive factors @ each level of social envi- ronment individual developmental psychopathology model family system community social leads to short term outcomes then long term 2/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk personality emotional regulation individual levels early attachment cognitive skills language and development parent/child relationships sibling relationship marital relationships extended family family level domestic violence financial situation ask caregivers about: home life, their re- lationships, disagreements, finances cultural groups neighbourhood supports schools community level services(like medical and welfare) eg if child needs help, but there are no resources, this is a risk factor policy determines what child receives societal attributes to mental health is- sues wider society level unemployment issues eg medicine is protective support for chil- dren in schools work w kids/parents together -helps to articulate things kids have been working on -creates environment of safety methods of working w kids and parents -can help uncover underlying dynamics and pros/cons family session: parents w/o child -not always desirable -important for therapist to keep roles clear -may have negative effect on therapeutic 3/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk alliance -children not used to having their confi- dentiality protected separated/divorced families -stress determined by many variables -ensure session is to benefit child, not just get letter for court -child has to remain priority parent interview school observation teacher/guidance counsellor interview home observation clinic observation child assessment and treatment sources child interview for case conceptualisation self-report inventories w. children many more sources are in- volved ideally 1st session just w parents to have an open discussion therapist goes to observe in classroom environment to see how child really is this is important for behavioural difficul- ties 1-1.5 hours to observe and watch school observation may include lessons, playground, transitions, how in- structions and compliance are, friends, social skills interview teacher/guidance counsellor how are difficult emo's managed best to observe getting ready time or homework/evening home observation includes how are instructions given, how is non- 4/9 3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk compliance managed, relationships b/w parents/siblings when parents are really stressed, or child is super non-compliant get child to play w lego and ask to pack down, sit at desk, colouring, changing tasks clinic observation goal is to see how interactions are man- aged, how they respond to instructions, consequences, contingencies eg strange situation to test attachment left to last so their behaviour isn't influ- enced in any way child interviews get their perspective, speak at appropri- ate developmental level parent, teacher and child eg child behavior checklist, strength/diffi- self report inventory culty assessment get clarity about what is actually happen- ing obtain informed consent/assent evaluate child understanding and feel- ings for being there gather info about situation that led to in- terview antecedents and consequences interviewing children goals ID circumstances behaviour most likely to occur in ID family, parent, school, peers, con- tributing factors evidence of psychopathology gather info about child perception of sig- nificant others 5/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk when interviewing children you're not strengths and interests just assessing for weakness but also motivation 'do you know why mum brought you along today?' ask how they feel 'let's just see how we go, hey' opening statements for working with chil- explain how it all works dren rapport building, sometimes easier to not start w problem therapeutic alliance is most important predictor of outcomes take into account age for setting tem- po/length of session use appropriate language and intonation avoid leading questions things to remember when interviewing ask for examples children be open use reflection praise for effort avoid critical statements use simple q's and concrete references use hypothetical situations 'if suzy did XYZ...' skills to remember for interviewing w chil- recognise /monitor signs of discomfort dren be active ask them to elaborate on responses discussing emotions kids are new to this use pictures/draw treatment approaches use toys ask for situations they felt a particular emotion use story books med-large effect, same as adults treatment efficacy over 300 types of therapy, but not all em- prically tested 6/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk child characteristics: w/o a pervasive de- velopmental disorder less comorbidity/severity younger and female later onset and shorter duration family factors: good parental men- tal/physical health functional family things that benefit outcomes no marital discord higher SES treatment system: positive therapeutic alliance most improvement made in 1st 10 ses- sions booster sessions help flexible manualised treatment beliefs you have about old age counselling older adults things to consid- eg growing old means a decline into con- er fusion, illness, helplessness, social isola- tion and loneliness negative views and discrimination that ageism can occur toward older adults dynamics b/w older client and younger therapist assumptions that difficulties are due to common obstacles when counselling age older adults problems can come from things that hap- pened young and were never resolved focus on inner age over chronological retirement, bereavement, loneliness, transitions older adults face parental role changes, declining mental health, unresolved conflicts, facing death Ericksons' stages of change for older integrity vs despair adults Older adults and society separate, as- disengagement theory (Cumming) sume that they become more self-ab- sorbed as they age. Considers elderly 7/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk people still involved in society as not ad- justing well views older adults as active and involved activity theory (Havinghurst) even when major work role ended increase in avoidant attachment (okay w being alone) this may not be related to decreased wellbeing research shows secure and avoidant attachment in older adults both related to happiness, preoccupied was not avoidant had more of an emphasis on independence, less value on social sup- port encourages positive remembering often done in groups - useful to decrease social isolation reminiscence therapy life review: to assist in maintaining a sense of self through life transitions and to feel less diminished often taken less seriously physical symptoms may be misattributed to age depression and suicide in older adults housebound adults 2x as likely to expe- rience depression depression and dementia can mimic each other/be comorbid failure to assimilate identity challenges that accompany ageing failure to give up past standards/ideals of 2 major causes of depression in later life former capacity things can happen to initiate depression but depression isn't caused by old age underdiagnosed, low/miserable, lose symptoms of depression in older adults weight, absence of emotions, apathetic, 8/9  3005PSY WEEK 10 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dawymk withdraw, give up effort on communicat- ing give them choice/control fun things how to help older adults w depression challenge negativity discuss past positive things look for ways to offset losses awareness of transference and counter- treatment goals for older adults w de- transference pression not as strong mental health literacy as young people later life depression assoc w suicide men 75+ years have highest rates 80% complete suicide on 1st attempt access to sedatives and medication suicide in older adults making a will - logical in old age, some- times missed as a sign women more likely to be depressed, men more likely to suicide 25% depressed due to loss 24% 'understandable' eg physical suffer- ing 18% depressed w no obvious cause Snowden 2001 coroner's investigation 10% depressed following worsening of disability 6% dementia 4% unknown 9/9