Week 004-Process of Communication.pdf

Oral Communication in Context 1 Process and Elements of Communication Process and Elements of Communication As mentioned in the previous...

Oral Communication in Context 1 Process and Elements of Communication Process and Elements of Communication As mentioned in the previous module, we said that communication is a process. In this module, we will be talking about the communication process and the elements needed. At the end of this module you are expected: 1. To be able to define and discuss the elements of communication; 2. To be able to understand the roles of these elements in the process of communication; and 3. To be able to identify forms of communication; and 4. To be able to utilize different forms of communication to improve quality of life. To be able to understand how communication happens, always remember that communication is a two-way process. Always remember that for every message sent to the receiver, we must expect a feedback or response either through non-verbal or verbal medium. Process of Communication The communication process pertains to the steps through which communication takes place between the sender and the receiver in an understandable manner. It is dynamic in nature rather than a static occurrence. The diagram above shows the communication process and the details are as follows: Course Module Elements of Communication The sender (source) is an individual, group, or organization who initiates the communication. All communication begins with the sender. The sender is the source of information for a target receiver or audience. The first step the sender does involves the encoding process. This process translates the ideas or concepts into the coded message that will be communicated. The symbols can take on different forms like languages, words, or gestures. The message is the idea or information being conveyed by the sender to the receiver or listener. It includes content, structure, and style. To start sending the message, the sender uses a channel which is also known as a medium. It is the method used to deliver the message. Most channels are either oral or written but, as technology evolves, visual channels are becoming more common. Usual channels include the television, radio, telephone/mobile phone, etc. The message begins with the decoding stage when the appropriate channel is selected. Decoding is executed by the receiver. Once the message is received and reviewed, it is sent to the brain to be interpreted to appoint meaning to it. Successful communication occurs when the receiver correctly interprets the sender's message. The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed. All interpretations by the receiver are influenced by their experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skills, perceptions, and culture. Picture the next scene. Shelly is a shy student who says little inside the classroom. She may feel a bit nervous when her teacher asked her. Feedback is a key element of the communication process since it allows the sender to review the effectiveness of the message. It may be in the form of a spoken comment, a long sigh, a written message, a smile, or some other action. Without feedback, the sender cannot confirm that the receiver has interpreted the message correctly. Certain barriers are present throughout the communication process. Some usual barriers include the use of an inappropriate channel, incorrect grammar, provocative words, words that conflict with body language, and technical jargon. Noise is also another common barrier. Noise can occur during any stage of the process. Noise is essentially anything that distorts a message by interfering with the communication process. Noise can take many forms, including a radio playing in the background, another person trying to enter your conversation, and any other distractions that prevent the receiver from paying attention.  Oral Communication in Context 3 Process and Elements of Communication Forms of Communication 1. Intrapersonal Communication Source Receiver When we talk about communication, we usually think of sending messages to another person; however, communicating with one’s self is also possible. It is the first level of communication we experience. The prefix intra means “within”. We experience this kind of communication when we meditate, analyze, think, study, and talk to one’s self. You talk to yourself when you are about to make a decision and you argue or try to persuade yourself. Sometimes you also do this when you’re rehearsing a message you intend to send to others. Talking to yourself is normal and necessary. You are simply engaging in intrapersonal communication. The study of this form of communication is not that popular; yet, awareness of this form of communication can greatly enhance the quality of life. 2. Dyadic Communication Source Receiver Course Module Source Receiver Dyadic communication is when two people communicate. Communication may take place through the phone, SMS messaging or face-to-face such as interviews, dialogues or ordinary conversations. It is through interpersonal communication that you establish, maintain, restore and/or end relationships. At this level of communication, you learn about others and hopefully, you learn about yourself as well. 3. Small Group Communication Receiver Source Receiver Source Source Receiver Source Source Receiver Receiver Source Receiver Small group communication happens when more than three people are involved. This is simply an enlarged group which usually happens to solve problems. Examples of this are conferences, business meetings, symposiums, and team meetings inside the classroom.  Oral Communication in Context 5 Process and Elements of Communication 4. Public Communication Source Source Receiver Public communication happens between one and several other people. This large group type of communication usually happens in public speaking. In public speaking, the speaker addresses the audience to persuade, inform, entertain, or do all of three. Just like the other forms, this kind of communication requires knowledge and good communication skills from the speaker. Course Module  5. Mass Communication Source Source Receiver Mass communication Medium happens when you communicate to an extremely large audience. It is usually mediated by audio and/or visual means. The purposes are to entertain, persuade and/or inform. Media and technology are used to reach a large audience in a variety of ways today. Examples of mass communication media are television, radio, newspapers, recordings, movies, magazines, comics, billboards, computers, and the internet. As seen in the image above, the newscaster is communicating to his audience via the radio, television, and Youtube. References Diaz, Rafaela Hernandez. (2014). Speech and Oral Communication for College Students, Revised Edition. Quezon City: National Bookstore Baraceros, Esther L. and Lintao, Rachelle, B. (2010). English 4: Oral Communication in Context (First Edition). Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc. Dapat, Jose Rizal O., Sadorra, Bryan Eli B., and Lumabi, Bethany Marie C. (2016). Oral Communication in Focus. Quezon City: Lormar Publishing, Inc. Gemma, Will (2013). “The Elements of Communication: A Theoretical Approach” Udemy blog accessed at https://blog.udemy.com/elements-of-communication/ “Business Communication for Success” (2012). Saylor Academy Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication- for-success/ Forms of Communication Retrieved from Communication Theory Organization http://communicationtheory.org/forms-of- communication/ Schmitz, Andy. (2012). Organizational Communication. Saylor Academy. Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_organizational- behavior-v1.1/s12-communication.html  Oral Communication in Context 7 Process and Elements of Communication Lee, HT. (2013). Coaching Story: The Battleships in a Collision Course. Coaching Journey. Retrieved from http://coaching- journey.com/coaching-story-the-battleship-on-a-collision-course/ Course Module