W1-2 Introduction to terminology 2024.pdf

Medical Terminology Introduction Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 05 Define basic Recognise, spell Describe common Identify resources Correctly use medical terms and pronounce words used in on basic medic...

Medical Terminology Introduction Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 05 Define basic Recognise, spell Describe common Identify resources Correctly use medical terms and pronounce words used in on basic medical abbreviations using prefixes, medical terms medical field terms root words and suffixes Select the best correct answer: 3. The ch in the word chemical is pronounced 1. The main part of a word is called the like the letter a. Origin a. s b. Prefix b. h c. Root c. k d. Extension d. f 4. Using ‘sub’ at the beginning of the word 2. A word part at the end of a word is the means: a. Prefix a. Under b. Adjective b. Above c. Insertion c. Between d. Suffix d. Inside 5. The suffixes ic, -ous, -al, and oid are found 7. The prefix in the word microscopic is in a. mic a. adjectives b. scop b. nouns c. micro c. verbs d. pic d. roots 8. The opposite of hypoglycemia (low 6. The singular of ova (eggs) is blood sugar) is a. ovi a. hypoglucemia b. ovae b. hyperglycemia c. ovum c. hypocalcemia d. ovas d. hypoglycemic Medical terminology Medical terminology is a special vocabulary used by healthcare professionals for effective and accurate communication. Because it is based mainly on Greek and Latin words, medical terminology is consistent and uniform throughout the world. The medical vocabulary is vast and is always expanding. Word parts A beginning called a prefix: This part of the word will usually help you figure out size, color, shape as well as location, direction and amount A middle known as the root: This part of the word will usually help you determine which part of the body it relates to The ending of a word is known as a suffix: This part can also help describe size, shape or color but more importantly can tell you what the problem actually is For example,  COMBINING FORMS When a suffix or another root beginning with a consonant is added to a root, a vowel is inserted between the root and the next word part to aid in pronunciation. When the suffix logy, meaning “study of,” is added to the root neur, meaning “nerve or nervous system,” a combining vowel is added: neur + o + logy = neurology (study of the nervous system)  Prefix Prefix: The part of the word which comes in the begining and usually help you figure out size, color, shape as well as location, direction and amount  Prefixes PREFIX WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE AN-, A- without / lack of anemia = lack of red blood cells AB- away from abnormal = away from the normal AD- near / toward adrenal gland = gland near to the kidney BI- two / both bilateral Wilm's = tumor in both kidneys DYS- difficult / painful dysfunction = not working properly ECTO- outside ectopic pregnancy = outside the uterine cavity ENDO- inside endoscope = an instrument to look inside the body cavities or organs EPI- upon epidermis = the outer layer of skin HYPER- excessive / above hyperglycaemia = excessive blood sugar levels HYPO- beneath / below hypodermic = injection below the skin INTER- between intercostal = between the ribs INTRA- within / Inside intravenous = into a vein PARA- beside, about, near parathyroid = beside the thyroid gland PERI- around pericardium = membrane around the heart PRE- before prenatal = before birth POST- after post surgical stage = stage after surgery SUB- under / below submucosa = tissue below mucus membrane SYN- together with syndrome = group of symptoms occurring together Source: Online Etymology Dictionary Prefixes Size Direction and location Macro (large) Hyper (fast, elevated, Micro (small) overproducing, energetic) Megalo or Megaly (abnormally Hypo (slow, low, under-producing, large) low energy Tachy (rapid) Brady (slow) Extra (outside, excess, beyond) Endo (within) Intra (within) Inter (between, together, during) Peri (about, around, surround) Trans (across, beyond, through)  Word root Root: This middle part of the word which usually help you determine which part of the body it relates to  Root Words ROOT WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE BLAST- germ, immature cell blastoma = a cancer made of immature cells CARCINO- cancer carcinogenic = cancer causing CARDIO- heart cardiotoxicity = toxicity to the heart CYTO- cell cytotoxic = toxic to the cell DERMA- skin dermatitis = inflammation of the skin HISTIO- tissue histology = study of tissue HEPATI- liver hepatoblastoma = liver cancer MALIGN- bad harmful malignant = growing, spreading NEPHRO- kidney nephrotoxic = harmful to the kidneys NEURO- nerves neuroblast = an immature nerve cell ONCO- Mass/tumor tumor oncology = the study of cancer OSTEO- bone/bony tissue osteosarcoma = bone cancer PAED- child pediatric oncology = study of childhood cancer SARCO- tissue sarcoma = tumor of bone, muscle, or connective tissue TOXO- poison toxicology = study of poisons Frequent Root Words Oste(o) Bone Myo Muscle Neuro Nerves Derm Skin Angi(o) Blood vessels Ven(o) or Phleb(o) Veins Cardio Heart Rhino Nose Neph Kidney Frequent Root Words Cranio Skull Opthalmo or oculo Eye Oto Ear Thromb(o) Blood clot Hepato Liver Mamm(o) Breast Colo Large intestine Gastro Stomach Ileo Small intestine Thorac(o) Chest Pneumo or pleuro Lung  Suffix Suffix: The end part of a word which help describe size, shape or color and describe the problem Suffix SUFFIX WHAT IT DESCRIBES EXAMPLE -AEMIA condition of blood leukemia = cancer of blood cells -ECTOMY excision / removal nephrectomy = excision of a kidney -ITIS inflammation hepatitis = inflammation of the liver -OLOGY study / science of cytology = the study of cells -OMA tumor retinoblastoma = tumor of the eye neuropathy = disease of the nervous -PATHY disease system -OSIS disease /condition necrosis = dying cells Other Common Roots and Suffixes Tests and Procedures Echo- Using ultrasonic waves Electro- Using electricity - ectomy Removal of - gram Picture - graph(y) Process of making an image - otomy Making a cut in - scopy Using an instrument for viewing - stomy Create an opening  Checkpoint The suffix that means “condition The gh in the terms cough and of” in pneumonia is: radiograph is pronounced as: a. a. -nia a. a. g b. b. -monia b. b. h c. c. -ia c. c. f d. d. -onia d. d. s  Checkpoint Biopsy: The plural of spectrum is: a. Bi – meaning living tissue, - opsy meaning a. a. spectra removal b. b. spectria b. Bi - meaning living tissue, -opsy meaning c. c. spectrina inspection d. d. spectrums c. Bi – meaning living tissue , - opsy meaning insertion d. Bi – meaning living tissue , - opsy meaning insertion  Checkpoint Dyspnea: Adenocarcinoma: a. Dys- meaning distant pnea – a. Adeno – meaning adrenaline, -Carcino – meaning urination describes meaning heart describes a fast beating trouble with urination heart. b. Dys – meaning normal pnea – b. Adeno – meaning glands, -Carcino – meaning respiration describes meaning cancer describes cancer in the normal breathing glands. c. Dys- meaning difficult pnea – c. Adeno – meaning glands, -Carcino – meaning breathing describes meaning heart describes the heart difficulty in breathing glands  Break down the following terms: Nephrology: Hepatitis: Nephr- (kidney) + -logy (study of) = Hepat- (liver) + -itis (inflammation) = Study of the kidney Inflammation of the liver  Patient presents with bradycardia and hypoglycemia. Analyze the terms Bradycardia: Hypoglycemia: Brady- (slow) + -cardia (heart) = Slow Hypo- (below normal) + glyc- (sugar) + - heart rate emia (blood condition) = Low blood sugar Patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Analyze the term Osteoarthritis: Osteo- (bone) + arthr- (joint) + -itis (inflammation) = Inflammation of the bone and joint Read the following patient scenario carefully. Break down the used medical terms and explain their meanings. Provide a detailed analysis for each term, including root words, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms. A 65-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Upon examination, the physician suspects the patient might have cardiomegaly. Hypertension Breakdown: Meaning: Hyperlipidemia Breakdown: Meaning: Cardiomegaly Breakdown: Meaning: Analysis: A 65-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Upon examination, the physician suspects the patient might have cardiomegaly. Hypertension Breakdown: Hyper- (excessive) + -tension (pressure) Meaning: High blood pressure Hyperlipidemia Breakdown: Hyper- (excessive) + lipid- (fat) + -emia (blood condition) Meaning: Excessive levels of fats (lipids) in the blood Cardiomegaly Breakdown: Cardi- (heart) + -megaly (enlargement) Meaning: Enlargement of the heart Analysis: The patient has high blood pressure (hypertension) and excessive levels of fats in the blood (hyperlipidemia). The physician suspects an enlarged heart (cardiomegaly) based on the symptoms presented.  Match the medical terms with their correct definitions a. Bradycardia a. Inflammation of the skinb. b. Gastroenterology b. Inflammation of the bones and joints. c. Nephrectomy c. Surgical removal of a kidney. d. Osteoarthritis d. Study of the stomach and intestines. e. Hemoglobin e. Low heart rate. f. Hyperglycemia f. Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. g. Dermatitis g. Enlarged liver. h. Hepatomegaly h. High blood sugar. i. Arthroscopy i. Procedure to look inside a joint. j. Electrocardiogram j. Record of the electrical activity of the heart Complete the following medical terms by filling in the blanks with the correct prefix, suffix, or root word. a. itis (inflammation of the liver) b. cardia (fast heart rate) c. Neuro (study of nerves) d. Gastro (surgical removal of the stomach) e. algia (pain in the muscles) f. Hyper (high blood pressure) g. ectomy (surgical removal of the appendix) h. emia (low blood sugar) i. Dermato (inflammation of the skin) j. scopy (visual examination of the joints)  Complete the following medical terms by filling in the blanks with the correct prefix, suffix, or root word. a. Electroencephalogram c. Osteomyelitis Root word(s): Root word(s): Prefix: Prefix: Suffix: Suffix: Meaning: Meaning: b. Nephropathy d. Hypothyroidism Root word(s): Root word(s): Prefix: Prefix: Suffix: Suffix: Meaning: Meaning: Create medical terms using the following word parts. Combine the prefix, root word, and suffix to form a complete term. a. Gastr/o + -itis = b. Arthr/o + -plasty = c. Hyper- + glyc/o + -emia = d. Dermat/o + -logy = e. Neur/o + -pathy = f. Hypo- + thyroid/o + -ism = g. Cardi/o + -logist = h. Hepat/o + -megaly = i. Oste/o + -penia =