Voyce Medical Word Definitions PDF

❖ ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder. ❖ ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ❖ IV: Intravenous. ❖ L&D: Labor and Delivery. ❖ AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. ❖ MG: Milligram. ❖ ML: Milliliter. ❖ BM: Bowel Movement. ❖ MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ❖ BMI: Body...

❖ ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder. ❖ ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ❖ IV: Intravenous. ❖ L&D: Labor and Delivery. ❖ AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. ❖ MG: Milligram. ❖ ML: Milliliter. ❖ BM: Bowel Movement. ❖ MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ❖ BMI: Body Mass Index. ❖ CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. ❖ MS: Multiple Sclerosis. ❖ NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. ❖ CBC: Complete Blood Count. ❖ COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ❖ NPO: Nothing by Mouth. ❖ OCD: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ❖ CT Scan: Computed Tomography Scan. ❖ D&C: Dilation and Curettage. ❖ OR: Operating Room. ❖ OT: Occupational Therapy. ❖ DNR: Do Not Resuscitate. ❖ PACU: Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. ❖ DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid. ❖ PAP Test: Papanicolaou Test (for cervical cancer screening). ❖ DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus vaccine. ❖ PCP: Primary Care Physician. ❖ PMS: Premenstrual Syndrome. ❖ EEG: Electroencephalogram. ❖ PT: Physical Therapy. ❖ EKG: Electrocardiogram. ❖ PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. ❖ EMG: Electromyogram. ❖ EMS: Emergency Medical Services. ❖ Post-op: Postoperative. ❖ Pre-op: Preoperative. ❖ ENT: Ear, Nose, and Throat specialist. ❖ SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. ❖ ER: Emergency Room. ❖ G-tube: Gastric Tube. ❖ STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease. ❖ GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. ❖ STREP: Streptococcus infection. ❖ GI: Gastrointestinal. ❖ T&A: Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. ❖ HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. ❖ TB: Tuberculosis. ❖ HPV: Human Papillomavirus. ❖ UTI: Urinary Tract Infection. ❖ ICU: Intensive Care Unit. ❖ Adenoids: are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. ❖ Adenomas: are noncancerous tumors. They may grow along your adrenal, parathyroid or pituitary glands. ❖ Ache: pain ❖ Alzheimer's disease: is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. ❖ Amniotic fluid: is a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the unborn baby (fetus) during pregnancy ❖ Analgesic: of a drug acting to relieve pain ❖ anaphylactic shock: It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings. Anaphylaxis: causes the immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock — blood pressure drops suddenly and the airways narrow, blocking breathing. ❖ Anesthesia: is a medical intervention that prevents patients from feeling pain during procedures like surgery ❖ An aneurysm: is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel ❖ Angina: is chest pain or discomfort that happens when your heart isn't receiving enough oxygen- rich blood ❖ Anomaly: something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected. ❖ Anorexia nervosa: is defined by the restriction of nutrient intake relative to requirements, which leads to significantly low body weight ❖ Antibiotics: are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals ❖ Antibodies: are proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body ❖ Anticoagulants: are medicines that help prevent blood clots. ❖ Antioxidants: are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage ❖ Antiseptic: preventing the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. ❖ aorta: is the first and largest artery in the body ❖ Appendicitis: is inflammation of your appendix ❖ appendix: is a small finger-shaped tube that branches off the first part of the large intestine ❖ Arthritis: means redness and swelling (inflammation) of a joint. ❖ ascending colon: measures 10 to 20 cm and lies within the anterior pararenal space. ❖ Atrophy: decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue ❖ auditory nerve: runs from your cochlea to a station in your brain stem (known as the nucleus). ❖ Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD):, refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. ❖ axillary artery: is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb ❖ axillary vein: is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. ❖ baby blue: a feeling of sadness that a woman has after giving birth to a baby. ❖ Back labor: is intense pain in your lower back that begins during labor. ❖ Barrier methods: help prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus. ❖ Benign: (of a disease) not harmful in effect. ❖ A biopsy: is a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it can be tested in a laboratory. ❖ Bladder cancer: occurs when there are abnormal, cancerous cells growing uncontrollably in the lining of the bladder. ❖ Bladder: a muscular membranous sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion. ❖ Blood pressure cuff: is wrapped around your upper arm and inflated to stop the flow of blood in your artery. ❖ Bone marrow: is found in the center of most bones and has many blood vessels. ❖ A bowel movement: is the last stop in the movement of food through your digestive tract ❖ Braxton-Hicks contractions, also known as prodromal or false labor pains: are contractions of the uterus that typically are not felt until the second or third trimester of the pregnancy ❖ Bronchitis: is when the airways leading to your lungs (trachea and bronchi) get inflamed and fill with mucus ❖ Bursitis (bur-SY-tis): is a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs — called bursae (bur-SEE) — that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints ❖ A carcinogen: is a substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer. ❖ Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest: is when the heart stops beating suddenly. ❖ Carpal tunnel syndrome: is a common condition that causes numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and forearm. ❖ A catheter: is a tube that is inserted into your bladder, allowing your urine to drain freely. ❖ Atorvastatin Calcium: A statin used to lower cholesterol levels (generic Lipitor). ❖ Alprazolam: A medication for anxiety disorders (generic Xanax). ❖ Levothyroxine: A synthetic thyroid hormone (generic Synthroid). ❖ Warfarin: An anticoagulant to prevent blood clots (generic Coumadin). ❖ Lisinopril: An ACE inhibitor for high blood pressure (generic Prinivil). ❖ Meloxicam: An NSAID used to treat arthritis (generic Mobic). ❖ Omeprazole: A proton-pump inhibitor to reduce stomach acid (generic Prilosec). ❖ Clopidogrel: A blood thinner to prevent strokes and heart attacks (generic Plavix). ❖ Metformin: A medication to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes (generic Glucophage). ❖ Amoxicillin / Potassium Clavulanate ER: A combination antibiotic (generic Augmentin XR). ❖ Amlodipine: A calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure (generic Norvasc). ❖ Simvastatin: A statin used to control cholesterol levels (generic Zocor). ❖ Allopurinol: A medication to treat gout (generic Zyloprim). ❖ Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen: A pain reliever that contains both an opioid and a non-opioid analgesic (generic Lortab). ❖ Bupropion: An antidepressant (generic Wellbutrin). ❖ Lisinopril / HCTZ: A combination drug for high blood pressure (generic Zestoretic). ❖ Metoprolol ER: A beta-blocker for high blood pressure (generic Toprol XL). ❖ Citalopram: An antidepressant (generic Celexa). ❖ Losartan: A medication to treat high blood pressure (generic Cozaar). ❖ Azithromycin: An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections (generic Zithromax). ❖ Zolpidem: A sedative for sleep disorders (generic Ambien). ❖ Atenolol: A beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure (generic Tenormin). ❖ Hydrochlorothiazide: A diuretic used to treat high blood pressure (generic Microzide). ❖ Cialis: A medication for erectile dysfunction. ❖ Duloxetine: An antidepressant (Cymbalta). ❖ Furosemide: A diuretic used to reduce fluid buildup (generic Lasix). ❖ Fluoxetine: An antidepressant (generic Prozac). ❖ Metoprolol: A beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure (generic Lopressor). ❖ Fenofibrate: A medication to reduce cholesterol levels (generic Tricor). ❖ Pantoprazole: A proton-pump inhibitor for stomach acid reduction (generic Protonix). ❖ Crestor: A statin medication used to treat high cholesterol. ❖ Gabapentin: A medication used to treat nerve pain and seizures (generic Neurontin). ❖ Venlafaxine: An antidepressant (generic Effexor). ❖ Amoxicillin: A penicillin antibiotic used to treat infections (generic Amoxil). ❖ Ventolin: A bronchodilator used for asthma. ❖ Prednisone: A corticosteroid used to treat inflammation (generic Deltasone). ❖ Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine: A stimulant used to treat ADHD (generic Adderall). ❖ Sertraline: An antidepressant (generic Zoloft). ❖ Tamsulosin: A medication used to treat urinary issues (generic Flomax). ❖ Cyclobenzaprine: A muscle relaxant (generic Flexeril). ❖ Fluticasone: A corticosteroid used to treat allergies (generic Flonase). ❖ Trazodone: An antidepressant (generic Oleptro). ❖ Pravastatin: A medication used to lower cholesterol (generic Pravachol). ❖ Methylprednisolone: A corticosteroid used to treat inflammation (generic Medrol). ❖ Tramadol: A pain reliever (generic Ultram). ❖ Montelukast: A medication for allergies and asthma (generic Singulair). ❖ Potassium Chloride: A supplement used to treat or prevent low blood potassium levels (generic Klor-Con). ❖ Escitalopram: An antidepressant (generic Lexapro). ❖ Carvedilol: A medication used to treat heart failure and high blood pressure (generic Coreg). ❖ Shot record: A document that records all the vaccinations a person has received. ❖ Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, which can obstruct the flow of blood. ❖ Sickle Cell Anemia: A genetic disorder in which red blood cells assume a sickle shape, leading to various health complications including pain and anemia. ❖ Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by an infection. ❖ Side effects: Unintended or secondary effects of a medication or treatment. ❖ Tonsils: A pair of soft tissue masses located at the rear of the throat (pharynx), part of the immune system. ❖ Sleep apnea: A sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. ❖ Toxicology: The study of the adverse effects of chemicals, including drugs, on living organisms. ❖ Sleep study: A test used to diagnose sleep disorders by monitoring a person's sleep patterns. ❖ Traumatic brain injury (TBI): Damage to the brain caused by an external force, such as a blow to the head. ❖ Spasm: An involuntary muscle contraction, which can be painful. ❖ Tubal ligation: A surgical procedure for female sterilization, where the fallopian tubes are cut or blocked. ❖ Specialty drugs: Medications used to treat complex, chronic conditions, often involving specialized handling and administration. ❖ Ulcer: A sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, intestines, or other parts of the body. ❖ Spine: The backbone, composed of vertebrae, which supports the body and protects the spinal cord. ❖ Ultrasound: An imaging method that uses sound waves to visualize organs inside the body. ❖ Spleen: An organ involved in filtering blood and supporting the immune system. ❖ Urinary incontinence: The loss of control over urination. ❖ Sprain: An injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing. ❖ Urine analysis: A test of urine to detect and measure various substances, often used to diagnose medical conditions. ❖ Steroids: Hormones or synthetic compounds that reduce inflammation and modify the body's immune response. ❖ Uterine bleeding (Parlor): Abnormal bleeding from the uterus, which may occur between menstrual periods. ❖ Stethoscope: A medical instrument used for listening to the sounds produced within the body, especially the heart and lungs. ❖ Vaginal infection: An infection in the vagina caused by bacteria, yeast, or other organisms. ❖ Stool culture: A test used to detect bacteria or parasites in a patient's stool. ❖ Vaginal yeast infection: An infection caused by the overgrowth of the yeast Candida in the vagina, resulting in itching and discharge. ❖ Strep throat: A bacterial infection in the throat and tonsils caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. ❖ Vaginal discharge: Fluid released from the vagina, which can be normal or indicative of an infection. ❖ Stroke: A medical emergency where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to brain damage. ❖ Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for male sterilization, involving cutting or sealing the vas deferens. ❖ Suppository: A solid medication that is inserted into the rectum, vagina, or urethra, where it dissolves. ❖ Vertebrae: The bones that make up the spine. ❖ Vertigo: A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by inner ear problems. ❖ Sutures: Stitches used to close a wound or surgical incision. ❖ Vitamins: Organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for the body's normal metabolism. ❖ Syringe: A medical instrument used to inject fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. ❖ Tachycardia: An abnormally fast heart rate, typically defined as over 100 beats per minute in adults. ❖ Vitiligo: A condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells, causing discolored patches on the skin. ❖ Tear duct: A small tube that drains tears from the eye into the nasal cavity. ❖ Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing, often due to narrowed airways. ❖ Tetanus shot: A vaccine to prevent tetanus, a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. ❖ Yeast infection: A fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of yeast, most commonly in the vagina. ❖ Therapeutic: Relating to the treatment or healing of a disease or condition. ❖ Lungs: Organs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. ❖ Pancreas: An organ that produces digestive enzymes and insulin, crucial for blood sugar regulation. ❖ Lyme disease: A bacterial infection transmitted by tick bites, causing symptoms like rash, fever, and joint pain. ❖ Panic attack: A sudden episode of intense fear or anxiety, often accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations. ❖ Lymph Nodes: Small glands that filter lymph fluid and are part of the immune system. ❖ Pap smear: A screening test for cervical cancer that examines cells from the cervix. ❖ Malignant: Refers to a tumor or cancer that is aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body. ❖ Paraplegic: A person with paralysis affecting the lower half of the body, typically due to spinal cord injury. ❖ Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast used to screen for breast cancer. ❖ Mastectomy: Surgical removal of one or both breasts, typically to treat or prevent breast cancer. ❖ Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. ❖ Measles: A highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, cough, and a distinctive red rash. ❖ Pertussis: Also known as whooping cough, a bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits. ❖ Meningitis: Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by infection. ❖ Pharmaceutical Care: The direct involvement of pharmacists in patient care to ensure medications are used safely and effectively. ❖ Menopause: The natural end of a woman’s menstrual cycles, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. ❖ Placenta: The organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. ❖ Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body. ❖ Placenta previa: A condition in which the placenta covers the cervix, potentially causing complications during pregnancy. ❖ Migraine: A severe headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. ❖ Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, the tissues lining the lungs and chest cavity, causing chest pain. ❖ Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. ❖ Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts, often leading to infertility. ❖ Mole: A benign skin growth that can be pigmented: sometimes removed if it shows signs of becoming cancerous. ❖ Polyp: A growth of tissue, often benign, that can develop in various parts of the body, such as the colon or uterus. ❖ Mononucleosis: A viral infection, often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, that leads to fever, sore throat, and fatigue. ❖ Postpartum: Refers to the period after childbirth. ❖ Multiple sclerosis (MS): A disease in which the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves, leading to various neurological issues. ❖ Postpartum Depression: A form of depression that occurs after childbirth, affecting mood and energy levels. ❖ Mumps: A viral infection that causes swelling of the salivary glands, especially in the cheeks and jaw. ❖ Pre-eclampsia: A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs, often the liver and kidneys. ❖ Muscle sprain: A stretching or tearing of ligaments, often caused by twisting or overextending a joint. ❖ Prescription: A formal order written by a medical professional for a patient to receive medication. ❖ Nausea: The sensation of feeling like you want to vomit. ❖ Prognosis: The likely outcome or course of a disease or condition. ❖ Necrosis: The death of body tissue due to disease, injury, or lack of blood supply. ❖ Prolapse: The slipping or falling of an organ from its normal position, such as the uterus or bladder. ❖ Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys, which can affect kidney function. ❖ Prostate: A small gland in males that produces seminal fluid. ❖ Non-verbal: Unable to speak or communicate using speech. ❖ Prosthesis: An artificial device used to replace a missing body part, such as a limb or joint. ❖ Non-invasive: Refers to medical procedures that do not require an incision into the body or the removal of tissue. ❖ Proteinuria: The presence of excess protein in the urine, which can indicate kidney problems. ❖ Nostril: One of the two openings in the nose that allow air to enter and exit during breathing. ❖ Pulmonary Vein: A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. ❖ Numbness: A lack of sensation, often caused by nerve damage or pressure. ❖ Pupil: The black circular opening in the center of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye. ❖ Obesity: Excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems. ❖ Pus: A thick fluid produced by the body in response to infection, made up of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue. ❖ Ointment: A smooth, oily preparation applied to the skin to treat or protect it. ❖ Rash: A change in the skin's appearance, often red or inflamed, caused by irritation, allergies, or infection. ❖ Optic Nerve: The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. ❖ Relapse: The return of a disease or symptoms after a period of improvement. ❖ Oral contraceptives: Pills taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy. ❖ Retina: The light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye that sends visual information to the brain. ❖ Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that results from the breakdown of cartilage in the joints. ❖ Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. ❖ Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. ❖ Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, commonly causing a runny nose or congestion. ❖ Outpatient: A patient who receives medical treatment without being admitted to a hospital. ❖ Ruptured Appendix: A medical emergency where the appendix bursts, leading to peritonitis, a severe infection in the abdomen. ❖ Ovarian Cancer: Cancer that originates in the ovaries, often detected at a late stage due to subtle symptoms. ❖ Salivary Glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva to aid in digestion and keep the mouth moist. ❖ Over-the-Counter Medication: Medications that can be purchased without a prescription. ❖ Scabies: A contagious skin condition caused by tiny mites burrowing into the skin, resulting in intense itching. ❖ Overdose: Taking an excessive amount of a substance, typically drugs or medications, which can lead to harmful effects or death. ❖ Scrotum: The pouch of skin that contains and protects the testicles. ❖ Septic Shock: A life-threatening condition caused by a severe infection leading to dangerously low blood pressure. ❖ Seizure: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain, causing convulsions, sensory disturbances, or loss of consciousness. ❖ Pacemaker: A medical device implanted to regulate abnormal heart rhythms by sending electrical impulses to the heart. ❖ Sharp Pain: Intense and sudden pain that is typically localized to a specific area. ❖ Pain: An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. ❖ Family Planning: Methods and practices used to control when and how many children a person or couple has, often involving contraception. ❖ Herpes Simplex: A viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), leading to cold sores or genital herpes. ❖ Fecal Transplant: A procedure in which stool from a healthy donor is transplanted into a patient’s digestive tract to treat certain infections, like Clostridium difficile. ❖ High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): A chronic condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. ❖ Female: Referring to the sex that typically has the capacity to bear offspring or produce eggs. ❖ High Risk Pregnancy: A pregnancy that involves increased health risks for the mother, baby, or both, due to medical conditions or complications. ❖ Femur: The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the human body. ❖ Hives: Red, itchy welts on the skin, often caused by an allergic reaction. ❖ Fetal Monitoring: The continuous monitoring of a baby’s heart rate and other vital signs during pregnancy and labor. ❖ Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): A treatment involving the use of hormones to relieve symptoms of menopause or other hormonal imbalances. ❖ Fever: An abnormally high body temperature, usually indicating infection or illness. ❖ Fibromyalgia: A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. ❖ Hydrocephalus: A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain's ventricles, causing increased pressure on the brain. ❖ Fibrosis: The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, often as a result of injury or disease. ❖ Hypertension: Another term for high blood pressure, a condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. ❖ Flu (Influenza): A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, resulting in fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, and fatigue. ❖ Forearm: The part of the arm between the elbow and wrist. ❖ Hyperthyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness. ❖ Formulation: The specific combination of ingredients used to make a medication. ❖ Hypotension: Abnormally low blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness or fainting. ❖ Gallbladder: A small organ under the liver that stores bile, which aids in the digestion of fats. ❖ Hypothyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and depression. ❖ Gallstone: Hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, which can block the bile ducts and cause pain. ❖ Hysterectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the uterus, often performed to treat various conditions, including uterine cancer and fibroids. ❖ Gangrene: The death of body tissue due to lack of blood flow or a severe infection. ❖ Immunizations: Vaccines given to protect against infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system. ❖ Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. ❖ In Remission: The period during which the symptoms of a disease are reduced or disappear. ❖ Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A mental health condition characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday things. ❖ Indigestion: Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty digesting food. ❖ Infectious Diseases: Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, that can spread directly or indirectly. ❖ Generic Drug: A medication that has the same active ingredients as a brand-name drug but is typically sold at a lower price. ❖ Infertility: The inability to conceive after a year or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. ❖ Gestational Diabetes: A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. ❖ Influenza (Flu): A viral infection that attacks the respiratory system, leading to symptoms like fever, body aches, and coughing. ❖ Injury: Physical damage or harm to the body caused by external forces, such as accidents or trauma. ❖ Glucometer: A device used to measure the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood, commonly used by people with diabetes. ❖ Inpatient: A patient who stays in a hospital while receiving medical care or treatment. ❖ Glucose: A type of sugar that is the main source of energy for the body's cells. ❖ Instep: The arched part of the foot between the toes and the ankle. ❖ Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, affecting the reproductive tract. ❖ Iron Deficiency Anemia: A condition where a lack of iron leads to a reduced number of red blood cells, causing fatigue and weakness. ❖ Gout: A form of arthritis characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in joints, caused by excess uric acid in the blood. ❖ Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A disorder affecting the large intestine, causing symptoms like cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation. ❖ Groin: The area of the body where the abdomen meets the thighs. ❖ Jaundice: A condition that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, usually due to liver dysfunction. ❖ Gum Diseases: Infections or inflammation of the gums, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, often caused by poor dental hygiene. ❖ Joint Pain: Discomfort, aches, or soreness in one or more of the body's joints, often associated with arthritis. ❖ Hearing Aid: A small electronic device worn in or behind the ear to amplify sound and help people with hearing loss. ❖ Juvenile Diabetes: Another term for Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, often diagnosed in children or young adults. ❖ Heart Failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue. ❖ Kidney Stone: A hard deposit of minerals and salts that forms in the kidneys and can cause severe pain as it passes through the urinary tract. ❖ Heart Murmur: An abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, sometimes indicating an underlying heart condition. ❖ Kidney Disease: A condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood, potentially leading to kidney failure. ❖ Heat Stroke: A severe heat-related illness that occurs when the body overheats and is unable to cool down, often due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. ❖ Kidneys: Organs that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. ❖ Heel: The back part of the foot below the ankle. ❖ Lactation: The production and secretion of milk by a mother's mammary glands following childbirth. ❖ Hematoma: A collection of blood outside of blood vessels, often caused by an injury, resulting in swelling and discoloration. ❖ Laxative: A substance used to stimulate bowel movements and relieve constipation. ❖ Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. ❖ Lesion: Any abnormal damage or change in tissue due to injury or disease. ❖ Hemorrhage: Excessive or uncontrolled bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel. ❖ Leukemia: A type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. ❖ Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus, causing pain or bleeding, often due to straining during bowel movements. ❖ Lump: A swelling or growth, often found under the skin, that may be caused by injury, infection, or cancer. ❖ Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, typically caused by a viral infection (Hepatitis A, B, C), leading to liver damage. ❖ Lumbar: The lower part of the spine, consisting of five vertebrae between the rib cage and pelvis. ❖ Hernia: The protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. ❖ Herniated Discs: A condition where a disc in the spine ruptures or slips out of place, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain. ❖ Lumpectomy: A surgical procedure to remove a lump, often used in breast cancer treatment to remove a tumor while preserving the breast. ❖ Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, resulting in redness, swelling, and itching, often caused by an allergic reaction or irritant. ❖ Descending Colon: The part of the large intestine that runs down the left side of the abdomen, responsible for storing and removing waste. ❖ Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, causing digestive problems. ❖ Depression: A mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and a variety of emotional and physical symptoms. ❖ Cavity: Decay in a tooth that leads to a hole or damage to the tooth's structure. ❖ Cervix: The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, important in childbirth and menstruation. ❖ Diabetes: A chronic condition where the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or use. ❖ Chickenpox: A contagious viral infection that causes an itchy rash and red spots or blisters on the skin, typically affecting children. ❖ Dialysis: A medical procedure that filters waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly. ❖ Chills: The sensation of feeling cold, often accompanied by shivering, sometimes due to fever or illness. ❖ Digestion: The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller components to be absorbed into the bloodstream. ❖ Cholesterol: A type of fat found in the blood, necessary for building cells but harmful in excess, leading to heart disease. ❖ Dilation: The widening or opening of a hollow organ or blood vessel, often used in the context of cervical dilation during childbirth. ❖ Chronic: A condition that persists over a long period of time, often with slow progression, such as chronic illness or chronic pain. ❖ Chronic Pain: Pain that lasts for weeks, months, or years, often persisting despite treatment. ❖ Discharge: The release of fluid from the body, often referring to vaginal or wound discharge. ❖ Clinical Trials: Research studies conducted on humans to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new medical treatments or interventions. ❖ Dispensing: The preparation and distribution of prescription medication to patients. ❖ Coagulate: The process by which blood forms clots to stop bleeding. ❖ Diuretic: A medication that helps the body eliminate excess fluid by increasing urine production, often used to treat high blood pressure or edema. ❖ Cold: A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms like a runny nose, sore throat, and cough. ❖ Dose: The specific amount of medication or substance to be taken at one time or at intervals. ❖ Colonoscopy: A medical procedure in which a long, flexible camera is inserted into the colon to detect abnormalities or disease. ❖ Pain: An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. ❖ Colorectal Cancer: Cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, part of the digestive tract. ❖ Dull Canal: Likely refers to a narrowing or discomfort in the ear canal that may lead to hearing difficulties. ❖ Colostrum: The first form of milk produced by mammals immediately following delivery of a newborn, rich in antibodies. ❖ Ear: The organ responsible for hearing and balance. ❖ Ear Drum: A thin membrane in the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves, allowing hearing. ❖ Coma: A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness, usually caused by severe injury or illness. ❖ Complex Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates made of long chains of sugar molecules, found in foods like grains, beans, and vegetables, providing sustained energy. ❖ Eating Disorders: Mental health conditions that involve abnormal or disturbed eating habits, such as anorexia or bulimia. ❖ Compound Fracture: A type of bone fracture where the bone breaks through the skin. ❖ Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube, which can be life-threatening. ❖ Congenital Abnormalities: Structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life, present at birth. ❖ Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental and intellectual delays. ❖ Edema: Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. ❖ Congestive Heart Failure: A condition in which the heart's function as a pump is inadequate to meet the body's needs, leading to fluid buildup and breathing problems. ❖ Efficacy: The ability of a treatment or intervention to produce the desired beneficial effect under ideal conditions. ❖ Contraceptive Elbow: Likely a misinterpretation: could refer to "contraceptive methods" in general, which are used to prevent pregnancy. ❖ Contractions: Involuntary tightening of the uterine muscles, commonly associated with labor. ❖ Electrolytes: Minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium, that help regulate fluid balance and are essential for nerve and muscle function. ❖ Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the walls of the intestines, particularly the colon. ❖ Ear Infections: Infections of the ear, often involving the middle ear (otitis media), causing pain and hearing problems. ❖ Contusion: A bruise caused by a blow to the skin, resulting in damage to the blood vessels. ❖ Embolism: The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign substance. ❖ Cornea: The clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye and helps focus light. ❖ Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, usually due to infection, leading to symptoms like headache, fever, and confusion. ❖ Coronary Heart Disease: A disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. ❖ Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, typically caused by infection. ❖ Crohn's Disease: A type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea. ❖ Endoscopy: A procedure that uses a flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) to view the inside of the digestive tract. ❖ Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, causing pain and fertility problems. ❖ Cyst: A fluid-filled sac that can form in tissues or organs, often benign but sometimes requiring treatment. ❖ Episiotomy: A surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening. ❖ Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, leading to thick mucus production that can cause blockages. ❖ Esophagus: The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. ❖ Estrogen Replacement Therapy: The use of synthetic estrogen to relieve symptoms of menopause or hormonal imbalances. ❖ Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a urinary tract infection. ❖ Deafness: The partial or total inability to hear. ❖ Extraction: The process of removing something, often used in the context of dental extractions (removing teeth) or other medical removals. ❖ Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, which can cause swelling and pain and lead to serious complications. ❖ Eyelid: The movable tissue that covers and protects the eye. ❖ Degenerative: A condition that worsens over time, typically referring to diseases that cause the progressive deterioration of tissues or organs. ❖ Eyesight: The ability to see, or the range and clarity of vision. ❖ Dehydration: A condition in which the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to an imbalance in electrolytes and other bodily functions. ❖ Fallopian Tubes: Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, through which eggs travel during ovulation. ❖ Dentures: Removable artificial teeth used to replace missing teeth in the mouth.