Volleyball Rules and Techniques PDF

Volleyball The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette,” was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan after the invention of basketball only four years before. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA, designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tenn...

Volleyball The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette,” was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan after the invention of basketball only four years before. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA, designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball. William Morgan, the game’s creator, would still recognize it because Volleyball has retained certain distinctive and essential elements over the years. Some of these it shares with other net/ball/racquet games: –– Service –– Rotation (taking turns to serve) –– Attack –– Defence The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis, was only 6’6″ high (though you need to remember that the average American was shorter in the nineteenth century). The offensive style of setting and spiking was first demonstrated in the Philippines in 1916. Over the years that followed, it became clear that standard rules were needed for tournament play, and thus the USVBA (United States Volleyball Association) was formed in 1928. The introduction of a specialist defensive player – the Libero – has moved the game forward in terms of rally length and multi-phase play. Modifications to the service rule have changed the act of service from simply a means of putting the ball in play to an offensive weapon. Volleyball Equipment & Facilities Volleyball Court Dimensions The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The net in placed in the center of the court, making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet. (18 x 9 m) Center Line A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above which the net is placed. Attack Line An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line. Service Line A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line. The Net The net is placed directly above the center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women and 8 feet above the ground for men. Poles Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines. Ceiling Height The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they should preferably be higher. Six Basic Skills of Volleyball  Serve-Used to put the ball in play. The action is done with arm swing that sends the ball over the net into the opponent's court.  Forearm Pass-Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball. the fundamental action of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are held together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly squatted and balanced position.  Setting- Used to receive a teammate's pass in order that the play may continue by passing the ball overhead to an attacker. the fundamental action of setting is to contact the ball with the finger pads momentarily at the forehead and following through with arms fully extended to the hitting target.  Kill or Attack-Used to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point or side out. the fundamental action of attacking incorporates a quick approach followed by a strong, full arm swing, and follow-thru.  Block-Used to stop the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's attack. A block is effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or if it temporarily slows down the ball in order for a defender to make a dig. The fundamental action of blocking is to stand facing the net with feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly extended above the head, ready to jump above the net to deflect the ball back into the opponent's court.  Floor Defense-used to receive the opponent's attack. The key skills are digging and sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls that are hit near the defender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball that is hit further away from the defender and resembles a dive. RULES 1. If two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously a double fault is called and the rally is replayed. 3. Match is won by the team that wins 3 sets. 4. In the case of 2-2 tie the deciding 5th set is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points. 5. If a team refuse to play after being summoned it is declared in default and forfeits the match with the result 0-3 for the match and 0-25 for each set. 6. After the service hit, players may move around and occupy any position on their court and the free zone. Positional fault 7. Team commits a fault if any player is not in his/her correct position at the moment the ball is hit by the server. 8. If the service becomes faulty after the service hit, it is a positional fault that will be counted. Consequence: Team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent. 9. Rotational fault is committed when service is not made according to the rotational order. Consequence: Team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent. 10. Each team is entitled of 3 hits for returning the ball 11. A player cannot hit the ball 2 times consecutively 12. Ball must not be caught or thrown, it can rebound in any direction 13. Each team may request 2 maximum of 2 time-outs and six substitution per set. All requested time-outs last for 30 seconds. Basic Violations in Volleyball 1. Consecutive Contacts. A player may not hit the ball 2 times consecutively except when blocking, provided the contacts take place simultaneously. However, a player may make consecutive contacts on the teams first team contact, provided the contacts occur during one action. 2. Four Hits. It's a violation for a team to hit the ball 4 times before returning it. 3. Assisted Hit. It's illegal for a player or any object to assist a teammate in playing the ball. 4. Catch. It's illegal to catch or throw the ball. The ball must rebound from the hit. 5. Ball Crossing the Net Outside the Crossing Space. The ball must cross the net within the crossing space. The ball must cross over the net, between the antennaes and their imaginary extension, and without contacting the ceiling. 6. Reaching Over the Net. There are official rules for playing the ball at the net. 7. Penetration Under the Net. It's permitted for a player to step under the net into the opponents court provided that some part of the penetrating hand or foot is in contact with or is directly above the center line. 8. Contact with the Net. Contact with the net is only a fault if contact is made during the action of playing the ball or if it interferes with play. 9. Foot Fault. At the moment of service contact or take off for a jump serve, the server must not touch the court or the ground outside the service zone. After contact, he/she may step or land outside the service zone or inside the court. 10. Attacking Faults. The following are volleyball violations for attacking... A back row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net. An opponent completes an attack hit on a served ball, when the ball is in the front zone and the ball is entirely above the top of the net. The libero completes an attack hit, if at the moment of contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net. A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a libero in the front zone. Blocking within the Opponents Space. A blocker may place his/her hands beyond the net provided this action doesn't interfere with the opponents play. It's legal to block beyond the net, provided... The ball would have crossed the net if not touched by a player and no member of the attacking team was in position to make a play. The ball is falling near the net and no member of the attacking team is in position to make a play. Contact with the ball is made after 3 team contacts. Volleyball Terms and Definitions 1. ACE – A serve that your opponent cannot pass; this results immediately in a point. 2. ANTENNA ‐ The vertical rods (normally white and red) attached at the edges of the net 30 feet apart. The antennas are attached directly above the sidelines and are not‐in‐play. 3. ATTACK – The offensive action of hitting the ball. A players attempt to kit the ball so that it results in a point for their team. 4. ATTACK LINE – A line 10 ft. from the net that separates the front row players from the back row players. Commonly referred to as the “10‐foot line.” 5. ATTACK ERROR – An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and ends play or goes into the net on the third hit, 3) the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is called for illegal contact (lift, double hit…) on the attack. 6. BACKCOURT – The area from the endline to the attack line. 7. BACK SET – A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker. 8. BLOCK – A defensive play by one or more front row players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing hitter and contacting the spiked ball with open hands. 9. BUMP – a common term for forearm passing 10. CENTER LINE – The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two equal halves. 11. CHECKED BALL – a ball deflected from the blocker’s hand usually a last touch 12. FLOATER – A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to a “knuckle ball” pitch in baseball. 13. HIT – An attack by an offensive player in attempt to make the ball hit the floor on their opponent’s side. Also called a spike. 14. FREE BALL – A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions. 15. JUMP SERVE – A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion. 16. LIBERO – A defensive player who cannot serve, and never plays in the front 17. row. This player has unique rules associated with the position; they can substitute for any player. Also referred to as the Defensive Specialist. 18. DOUBLE BLOCK – Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to the hitter’s side. 19. FOUL/ FAULT – A violation of the rules 20. OVERHEAD SERVE – Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder. 21. RED CARD – a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of a red card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a warning; it is up to the official’s discretion. 22. SERVE – One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled exclusively by one player. 23. YELLOW CARD – a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow card. Any player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single yellow card does not result in loss of point or serve. 24. ROTATION ‐ The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving position following a side out. 25. QUICK SET – a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter is approaching the setter, and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter.