Volleyball Past Paper PDF

**Pathfit Reviewer** **[Volleyball]** **[Brief history and development of volleyball ]** **WILLIAM G. MORGAN (1895)** \- invented the volleyball \- volleyball was initially called mintonnette. **Alfred Halsted (1896)** \- suggested the name \'volleyball\' 1964 \- became olympics **Elwood B...

**Pathfit Reviewer** **[Volleyball]** **[Brief history and development of volleyball ]** **WILLIAM G. MORGAN (1895)** \- invented the volleyball \- volleyball was initially called mintonnette. **Alfred Halsted (1896)** \- suggested the name \'volleyball\' 1964 \- became olympics **Elwood Brown (1910)** \- introduced the volleyball in the philippines. 1916 \- introduce set and spike. **[Facilities of Volleyball ]** **Net and Posts** \- height of net 2.43 (for men) 2.24 (for women). \- it is placed vertically in line **Posts** \- place at the distance ( the side) of 0.50 - 1.00 m of lines. **[Equipment of Volleyball ]** **Ball** \- shall be spherical \- made out a flexible leather or synthetic cave with bladder inside. **Knee pads** \- protect miniscus and patella or kneecap **Ankle braces** \- a garment that is worn around the ankle. **Volleyball Clothing** \- snug t-shirt with tight very short spandex bike shorts (women) \- sleeveless jersey tops with atlethic. (men) **Sports tape** \- it offer more strength when playing. **[Rules and Scoring in Volleyball]** **Scoring** \- there will be a point scored on every score of the ball. \- game will be played to 25 points. \- must win by 2 points. **Rotation** \- team rotate each time they win to serve. \- players shall rotate in clockwise manners. \- there shall be 4-6 players on each side. **Violations** \- stepping on or over the line on a serve. \- hitting the ball ilegally (carrying, throwing) \- reaches under the net. **Playing the game (volleyball)** \- maximum of 3 hits per side \- a ball touching a boundary line is good. \- a player must not block or attack a serve. **[Basic Techniques]** 1: ***Serving*** \- the initial action in volleyball rally. \- the objective is to launched the ball over the net and into the oppositr court. Serving techniques: Underhand Serve \- a beginner friendly serve Overhand Serve \- is more advanced , involving throwing motion with the arm extended above the head. Jump Serve \- powerful serve 2\. ***Passing*** \- the act of receiving the opponents serve or hit. Forearm Pass \- use to receive serve and to make a pall to a teammate. Dig \- a defensive pass used to control a hard - hit spike. 3\. ***Setting*** \- setter receives a pass from teammate and uses their hands to position the ball. Overhand Set \- most common setting technique, where the player uses their hand to lift the ball high above their head. **Advance techniques** 1: ***Spiking*** most effective offensive moves involves a player jumping and forcefully. 2: ***Digging*** is the first line of defence, a technique employed to prevent the ball from hitting the court after a spike or attack. 3: ***Blocking*** is a skill wherein the player deflects the ball from the opponent. **[Team Strategies and Game Play]** **1: Effective Communication** \- discuss serving strategies. **2: Serving Strategy** \- is the only time in vollyeball game when you have to complete control over the ball. **3: Positional Play** \- where to be at court on any given moment. **4: Attacking Strategy** \- powerful hits. \- involves decision making to exploit the weaknesses. **5: Defensive Strategy** \- consistently prevent the opponents from serving can put them under pressure. **6: Substitution Strategy** \- change their line up doing a game. \- help adjust the flow of the game. **7: Mental Strategy** \- can make significant diff. in the performance **[BENEFITS OF PLAYING VOLLEYBALL ]** **1. IMPROVES CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH** Cardio intensive exercise gets your heart rate up and keeps you fit. **2. IMPROVES YOUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM** Volleyball promotes a strong & robust body as it requires various groups of muscles to play the game. **3. IMPROVES JOINT HEALTH** Volleyball strengthens both the primary and secondary muscles around the joints which make our joints strong & less prone to injury. **4. WEIGHT LOSS** The cardio aspect of volleyball helps burn calories and improves weightless. **5. IMPROVES HAND EYE COORDINATION** Volleyball requires fantastic hand eye coordination to play & improve. **6. ENHANCES YOUR REFLEXES & REACTION TIME** Playing games often requires quick decision making skills and reflexes to react & get the ball and play it accurately. **7. DEVELOP AGILITY, SPEED COORDINATION, STAMINA & FLEXIBILITY** Volleyball is an all around game requiring you to have stamina and flexibility to play effectively. **8. IMPROVES CORE STRENGTH , FLEXIBILITY, & SPEED** The dynamic movements in volleyball requires a strong core for stability & power, while frequent stretching enhances flexibility and speed. **9. IMPROVES MUSCULAR STABILIZER STRENGTH** Volleyball engages stabilizer muscles, particularly during quick movements & jump, helpling to support joints & overall balance. **10. INCREASES YOUR METABOLIC RATE** The high-intensity nature of volleyball boosts calorie burning during and after play. **11. ENHANCES YOUR AEROBIC CAPACITY** Regular play increases cardiovascular fitness, improving your ability to sustain physical activity over time. **12. ENHANCES ENERGY LEVELS** Engaging Volleyball regularly can lead to improved stamina and energy, helping you feel more active throughout the day. **[Terminologies]** **Serve** The first contact that starts every rally is called a "serve." The player who serves is called the "server." **Ace:** A serve that is not returned and results in a point.A serve that lands in the opponent's court without being touched. **Attack**: An attempt to hit the ball to score. **Set**: A pass from a player to a teammate to attack. **Fault**: An error that results in a point for the opponent. **Foul**: A rule infraction that results in a point for the opponent. Assist: Passing or setting the ball to a player who attacks the ball for a point. **Block:** A defensive play, where a player deflects a spiked ball back into the opponent's court by jumping in front of the ball with their hands above the net. **Campfire** A ball that falls on the floor and is surrounded by two or more players. The moment it hits the floor it looks like the players are encircling the ball and starting a campfire. **Cut Shot** An attack with angle, almost parallel to the net. **Dig** Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. **Dink** A legal pushing of the ball over the blockers. Double Hit When a player makes contact with the ball twice in a row. This is considered an illegal hit. **Floater** A non-spinning serve, it can sometimes have erratic movement during flight. **Footfault** When a player steps over the line while serving, which results in a point for the opposing team. **Jump Serve** A type of serve that is done by tossing the ball into the air, jumping, and hitting the ball when it is in its downward motion. **Joust** When the ball is falling directly on top of the net, two opposing players will jump and attempt to push the ball to the other side. **Kill** A successful hit that results in an immediate point. **Let:** When a serve hits the top of the net and rolls onto the other side, resulting in a point. **Line shot** A ball that is spiked right down the opposing sideline **Off-speed hit** A ball that is spiked with less force and has spin. **Power alley** A cross court spike that reaches the furthest end of the court. **Reception error** When a player is unable to return a serve that should have been returned, and it results in an ace. **Roll shot** An offensive play similar to a spike, but a hitter will make contact underneath the ball and move their arm upwards instead of swinging down. This type of shot is meant to go high enough to avoid a block and is typically aimed around 10 feet away from the net. **Pancake** A type of dig that occurs when a player extends his or her hand flat on the floor, and lets the ball bounce off the back of his or her hand. **Service error** An unsuccessful serve that occurs by the ball landing out of bounds, failing to clear the net, or a foot fault from the server. **Shank** A wild and unplayable pass. **Shot** An offensive play in which a ball is set and directed into an open area on the court. **Side out** When the serving team loses the rally causing the other team to serve for the next point. **Spike** When the hitter attacks the ball with a swinging motion. This is in an attempt to get a kill. **Strong side** Left side of the court for right handed hitters. **Tip** A soft and off-speed attack done with the fingertips. **Libero** The player who wears a different color jersey and only plays in the back-row (typically middle-back) is called the "libero."A player who can be substituted into a game freely in the back row for defensive purposes, i.e., digging, passing. **Free Ball** When a team sends an easy ball over the net, giving the opponents a good opportunity to set up an attack. **Rotation** The clockwise movement of players around the court following a side out. **Antenna** A vertical rod that is located on the top of each end of the volleyball net. The two vertical rods are usually red and white in color and are mounted on the ends of the net, above the sidelines and not in-play. The antennas are usually only used for indoor play and not on outdoor nets. **[Futsal]** **[History ]** 1930 - Juan Carlos Ceriani creates futsal in Uruguay. 1971- Federation International de fútbol de salón (FIFUSA) is founded. ***[Facilities and Equipment ]*** **Futsal Court** \- the field shall be rectangular \- the length of the touchline shall be greater than the length of the goal line. **Fon Non-International Play** \- Length (Touch line) - (minimum) 25m (maximum) 42 m \- Width ( Goal line) - (minimum) 16 m (maximum) 25 m **For International Play** \- Length (Touch line) - (minimum) 38 m (maximum) 42 m \- Width (Goal line) - (mimimun) 20 m (maximum) 25 m ***[Equipment]*** \- futsal shoes \- shin guards \- water bottle **[Futsal Scoring ]** **Goal Value** \- one goal equals one point \- no additional point **Winning the Game** \- the team with the most goals at the end of the match wins. **Tiebreakers** \- if the game ends w/both teams having the same number of goals tiebreaker methods are used. penalty shootouts extra time coin toss **Own Goals** \- count for the opposing team ***[Basic Rules in Futsal]*** **Real Time** \- a match lasts 40 mins. \- consists of 2 twenty minutes halves. **Teams** \- five on field players per team \- one goalkeeper andf four players. **Substitution** \- can be used anytime during the match **Four Second Rule** \- a goalkeeper must release the ball within four seconds while in his own half. **Kick- Ins** \- there are no throw- ins \- when the ball goes out via the side-line or a corner, it must be kicked back in. ***[Basic Techniques ]*** **Dribbling** - is the act of passing through a defender by trapping and carying the ball. **Passing** - is the act of sending the ball to teammate. **Shooting** - is the act of sending the ball towards the goal of the opposing team with the intention of scoring a goal. ***[Advance Technique in futsal ]*** Tactical Plays **False 9 - drop deep** Triangular Passing - 3 players create passing options. **Dummy Plays** - players fake shots/passes to deceive opponents. **Goal Keeper Skills** **Reflexes** - enable them to make split - second decision. **Footwork** - allows goalkeeper to position themselves. **Distribution** - create scoring opportunities for the team. ***Team Strategies and Formation*** Team Strategies **1: Possesion Based** \- create scoring opportunities through ball controll and movement. **2: Counter Attacking** \- transition from defense to offense after gaining possession, catching opponents off guard. **3: HIGH PRESSING** \- winning the ball quickly and creating scoring chances. **4: Target Player** **5: Switching** **6: Give and Go** **7: Set Pieces** ***[Formation]*** **Diamond (1-2-1)** \- one of the most popular position \- the system has 1 player in defense 2 in midfield & 1 striker. **Square ( 2-0-2)** \- there are no midfielders in this formation. \- this set up has 2 defenders and 2 strikers. **Pyramid (2-1-1)** \- defensive version of square \- the system has 2 defender, 1 midfielder and 1 striker. **The Y (1-1-2)** \- this is a very offensive formation \- the system has 1 defender, 1 midfielder and 2 striker. ***[HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF UlLTIMATE FRISBEE ]*** 1940 All starts with the Frisbie\'s pie company, with the Yale University at a short distance. Students used the metal piece throwing to it each other. 1948 Fred Morrison creates a flying disc called the \"pluto platter \"which was sold by WHAM-O toy company. 1966- 1968 But people started playing ultimate Frisbee in Mapplewood, New Jersey, at Columbia High school. In 1968 Jared Kass and fellow student Joel Silver proposed the name ultimate frisbee to describe their new sport. 1970 The first game between highschools took place between Columbia High and Milburn High, Columbia won 43 to 10. 1971 The first ultimate conference which consist of 5 highschools including Columbia and Millburn 1975 The Yale University created the first ultimate tournament which consisted of 8 college teams were the Rugerts won. 1984 The World Flying Disc Federation was founded, which is the one that regulated the ultimate Frisbee. 2002 Ultimate frisbee was introduced to the filipinos by foreign tourist in boracay. **Backhand Throw** 1\. Grip Hold the frisbee with your thumb on top and fingers underneath the rim. 2\. Stance: Stand sideways to your target with your feet shoulder- width apart 3\. Throw. Swing your arm across your body and release the frisbee with a flick of your wrist, aiming at the target. **Forehand Throw (Flick)** 1\. Grip: Place your index and middle fingers under the rim, with your thumb on top and other fingers against the side 2\. Stance: Face your target with your feet shoulder-width apart 3\. Throw: Snap your wrist forward, flicking the frisbee with your fingers to create spin and propel it forward. **Hammer Throw** 1\. Grip: Similar to the forehand grip, but hold the frisbee overhead. 2\. Stance: Stand facing your target. 3\. Throw: Tilt the frisbee slightly, snap your wrist downwards, and release it in an overhead motion to create a high, arcing throw. **[BASIC RULES FRISBEE]** **The Field** -A rectangular shape with end zones at each end Starting Play Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of opposite end zone lines. The defense throws (\"pulls\") the disc to the offense. A regulation game has seven players per team. **Scoring** -To score, a player must catch the disc in the opposing team\'s end zone. Each score is worth 1 point. After a score, the teams switch ends, and the scoring team pulls to the other team. **Movement of the Disc** -The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate Players may not run with the disc. The person with the disc (\"thrower\") has ten seconds to throw the disc. The defender guarding the thrower (\"marker\") counts out the stall count. **Change of Possession -**When a pass is not completed (eg out of bounds, drop, block, interception, stalled), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense. **Substitutions** -Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an injury timeout. **Non-Contact -**Players must attempt to avoid physical contact during play. Picks and screens are also prohibited. **Fouls** -When a player initiates contact that affects the play, a foul occurs. When a foul causes a player to lose possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player that the foul was called against disagrees with the foul call, the play is redono, **Self-Officiating** -Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes. **Spirit of the Game** -Ultimate emphasizes fair play and respect, known as the \"Spirit of the Game Players are responsible for their own conduct and officiating. ***SCORING*** All you need to do to score a point in ultimate Frisbee is to catch the disc in the opponent\'s end zone. If you catch the disc in mid-air, make sure you first point of contact lands in the end zone. However, if your foot touches the goal line when you catch the disc, it is not counted as a goal. After a point is scored, play stops and teams switch the end zones that they were defending. The first team to score 15 goals, in a time capped of 90 minutes will win the game\... However, this rule can change depending on the level and intensity of play or as agreed upon by both captains.